SB7e

Question 1

What is glucose?

Answer 1

Glucose is a type of carbohydrate (sugar) that is used by the body to provide energy

Question 2

What causes glucose levels to fluctuate?

Answer 2

 Eating causes blood glucose levels to rise.
 Exercise causes blood glucose levels to fall.

Question 3

What are the two hormones released by the pancreas?

Answer 3

Insulin
Glucagon

Question 4

How does insulin lower your blood glucose?

Answer 4

o Uptake of glucose by cells to be used for the production of energy.
o Uptake of glucose by the liver to be stored as glycogen (polymer of
glucose)

Question 5

How does glucagon increase your blood glucose?

Answer 5

it breaks down glycogen to glucose.

Question 6

How are Abnormally High levels of glucose concentration dangerous?

Answer 6

Excess blood glucose levels make the blood plasma
and tissue fluid too concentrated.
This can severely damage cells, for example, causing
crenation in red blood cells.

Question 7

How are Abnormally Low levels of glucose concentration dangerous?

Answer 7

Low blood glucose levels can be equally as
dangerous, as it can make cells swell up and burst.
This is called lysis.

Question 8

State the Reason, why blood glucose levels stay high and how they treat for type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

Genetic disease (people are born with it)

Insulin deficiency

Insulin injections

Question 9

State the Reason, why blood glucose levels stay high and how they treat for type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

Caused by environmental factors and lifestyle choices (developed later on in life).

Inadequate response to insulin

Lifestyle changes and/or tablets

Question 10

What is diabetes?

Answer 10

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that causes inability to maintain normal levels of blood glucose

Question 11

What are the initial symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 11

 increased thirst, hunger and production of urine;
 loss of weight, tiredness and nausea.

Question 12

What are the later symtoms of diabetes?

Answer 12

Later symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain. If untreated,
diabetes can lead to coma and even death.

Question 13

Why do type 1 diabetics have high blood glucose concertrtation?

Answer 13

 Pancreas cells are destroyed by the body’s
immune system.

o Less insulin released into the
bloodstream in response to high levels
of glucose

Question 14

How do you ‘treat’ type 1 diabetes

Answer 14

 Diabetics take insulin shots.

o Insulin is injected into the fat layer
beneath the skin, where it enters the
blood and is transported around the
body

In addition to insulin injections, diabetics
need to:
 eat small amounts at regular intervals
 avoid eating sugar/sweets.

Question 15

How is insulin obtained?

Answer 15

Made by genetically-engineered bacteria, which contain the human gene for insulin.