SB2f - Brain and spinal cord probems Flashcards
What are nerves made out of and name the prepose of these components.
- Nerves are bundles of neurones that carry
information between the brain and the
rest of the body. - The nerves have blood vessels to ensure
a good blood supply for aerobic
respiration (oxygen)
Name the 3 Medical Imaging technology.
CT
PET
MRI
What do Imaging techniques help with?
Imaging techniques help detect tumours
(location, size and shape)
How do CT scans work?
CT scans use X -ray beams in order to create an image of the brain. This works due to denser materials absorbing more x-rays which detectors measure how much is absorbed and that part then appears whiter. The image formed is in a form called ‘slices’
How do PET scans work?
PET scans are used in order to show brain activity. They work by injecting glucose into the brain. When the brain is active it requires more glucose to respire so specific regions uptake more glucose. The radioactive glucose produces gamma rays which are detected by the scanner. More gamma rays come from parts
containing more active cell which means Carrying out activities during a PET scan
causes specific areas to become more active. Which will result in Those areas use more radioactive glucose and emit more gamma rays.
Name the ray used by CT scans and the purpose of these scans.
X-rays, To create an Image of the brain or other
parts of the body
Name the ray used by PET scans and the purpose of these scans.
Gamma rays (radioactive glucose) , Seeing brain activity
Name the ray used by MRI and the purpose of these scans.
Magnetic field , to create Images of the brain or other
parts of the body
What happens when the spinal cord is damaged?
When the spinal cord is damaged, fewer or no
signals are sent between the brain and the body
What is Quadriplegia?
Quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or
injury that results in the partial or total loss of
use of all four limbs and torso
What is Paraplegia?
Paraplegia is similar to Quadriplegia but does not affect the
arms
Name the three treatments that can be used to remove tumors.
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
How does Radiotherapy treat tumors?
*Radiotherapy uses high energy X-ray beams to kill cancer cells–only one part of the
body is affected
How does surgery treat tumors?
*Surgerycan be used to cut out the cells
How does Chemotherapy treat tumors?
*Chemotherapy uses drugs that kill actively dividing cells and because cancer cells divide rapidly it kills them faster than normal body cells–may affect cells all over bod
What is the blood-brain barrier
a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the brain
How does the blood-brain barrier interfere with chemotherapy?
Some chemotherapy molecules cannot pass through this barrier
