SB1c - Specialized Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are specialized cells?

A

Cells that are designed to do a specific function

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2
Q

How are specialized cells adapted to their specific functions?

A

They have differences in size, shape and organelles present in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the process which Cells become specialized in?

A

differentiation

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3
Q

During fertilisation, what is the name given when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell?

A

a zygote

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4
Q

What are the functions of an egg cell and where can they be found?

A

Function:
1. Be fertilized by the sperm cell;
2. Support the zygote until it attaches to the womb.

□ Location: found in the ovaries

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5
Q

Name and explain the adaptations of the egg cell. (5)

A

□ Haploid nucleus – contains one set of 23 chromosomes instead of 2 sets like
other human cells.

□ Jelly coat around the cell membrane – protects the egg cell and allows
fertilisation from only one sperm cell.
o It becomes hard following fertilisation.

□ Cell membrane – also hardens following fertilisation to ensure only one sperm
cell fertilises the egg cell.

□ Cytoplasm– rich in nutrients to support the zygote / embryo until it attaches
to the womb.

□ Large size– can be easily found by the sperm cells.

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5
Q

What is the function of an sperm cell and where can it be found?

A

□ Function:
Swim towards the female egg cell in order to fertilise it.

□ Location: found in the testes.

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5
Q

Name and explain the adaptations of the sperm cell. (5)

A

□ Haploid nucleus – contains one set of 23 chromosomes instead of 2 sets like
other human cells.

□ Tail – allows it to swim towards the egg cell.

□ Middle piece (neck) packed with mitochondria– provide energy to the cell so
that it can swim.

□ Enzymes in acrosome– enzymes break down the jelly coat of the egg cell.

□ Streamlined shape– allows it to swim faster.

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6
Q

What are cilia?

A

Hair-like structures on the cell membrane

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7
Q

Where can they be found?

A

they are contained within the Epithelial cells lining the oviducts

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8
Q

Name and explain the adaptations of the small intestine. (5)

A

□ Contain microvilli – folds in the small intestine that increase the surface area.
o Uptake of nutrients from food is quicker and more efficient.

□ Thin cells – faster movement of substances in and out of the cells (diffusion).

□ Good blood supply – nutrients are taken up and transported to the body
faster.

□ Contain lots of mitochondria – provide energy to push food through in the
small intestine.

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9
Q

How are Red blood cells specialised for their function?

A

Contain hemoglobin, has a large surface area and
no nucleus to carry more oxygen around the body

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10
Q

How are Nerve cells specialised for their function?

A

Very long and thin to carry electrical signals faster

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11
Q

How are Fat cells specialised for their function?

A

Store fat to release a lot of energy.

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12
Q

How are Muscle cells specialised for their function?

A

Have special proteins that help it contract

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13
Q

How are Epithelial cells specialised for their function?

A

Have cilia to sweep egg cell towards uterus

14
Q

How are Palisade cells specialised for their function?

A

Have many chloroplasts to do more photosynthesis