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Physio (self) > Sample Questions (Respi) > Flashcards

Sample Questions (Respi) Flashcards

1
Q

THE LAST AND FINAL STEP OF THE PROCESS OF INSPIRATION IS:
A. Descent of the diaphragm
B. Air flow into the lungs
C. Decrease intrapulmonic pressure
D. Increase transmural pressure

A

B. Air flow into the lungs

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2
Q

THAT PART OF THE RESPIRATORY TREE WHERE NO GAS EXCHANGE
TAKES PLACE BECAUSE OF ABSENCE OF PERFUSION:
A. Respiratory membrane
B. Physiologic dead space
C. Anatomic dead space
D. Pleural space

A

B. Physiologic dead space

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3
Q

THE FOLLOWING COMPOSES THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
EXCEPT
A. Airway mucosa
B. Endothelial cells
C. Premocytes
D. Alveolar interstitium across the lungs

A

A. Airway mucosa

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4
Q

THE CONTRACTION OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES IN RESPIRATION
IS TO:
A. Raise the rib cage upward
B. Increase compliance of the thorax
C. Lower the diaphragm
D. Raise intraabdominal pressure

A

D. Raise intraabdominal pressure

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5
Q

DURING HEAVY BREATHING, RAPID EXPIRATION IS ACHIEVED
MAINLY BY WHAT MUSCLE?
A. External intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Rectus abdominis
D. External oblique

A

C. Rectus abdominis

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6
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MUSCLES ARE USED DURING
FORCEFUL EXPIRATION
A. Diaphragm and external intercostals
B. Diaphragm and internal intercostals
C. Diaphragm only
D. Rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

A

D. Rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

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7
Q

AIR PASSES INTO THESE STRUCTURE, EXCEPT:
A. Anatomic dead space
B. Respiratory bronchiole
C. Alveoli
D. Pleura

A

D. Pleura

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8
Q

INSPIRATORY PHASE CEASES WHEN THE INTRA-ALVEOLAR PRESSURE BECOMES
A. Equal to the atmospheric pressure
B. Higher than the atmospheric pressure
C. Lower than the atmospheric pressure
D. Equal to the intrathoracic pressure

A

A. Equal to the atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

THE INTRAPULMONIC PRESSURE IS EQUAL TO ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT:
A. Mid expiration
B. Beginning of inspiration
C. End of expiration
D. Mid inspiration

A

C. End of expiration

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10
Q

IF THE INSPIRATORY MUSCLES ARE PARALYZED, ALVEOLAR VENTILATION CAN ONLY BE ATTAINED BY:
A. Decreasing intrapulmonic or intraalveolar pressure
B. Elastic recoil of the thorax and lungs
C. Increasing atmospheric pressure
D. Increasing the negativity of the intrapleural pressure

A

C. Increasing atmospheric pressure

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11
Q

IN A NORMAL HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL, WHICH OF THESE STATEMENT/S IS TRUE?
A. Anatomic dead space air and physiologic dead space air are identical
B. Physiologic dead space air may be considered larger because of inequality of blood flow and ventilation
C. Anatomic dead space is equal to the air volume of non-functioning alveoli
D. All of these

A

A. Anatomic dead space air and physiologic dead space air are identical

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12
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY EMBOLISM WILL RESULT_____PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE
A. Increased
B. Decreased
C. No change

A

A. Increased

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13
Q

ALVEOLAR VENTILATION DECREASES WHEN THIS/THESE PARAMETER/S IS/ARE DECREASED:
A. Tidal volume
B. dead space air volume
C. Respirator rate/minute
D. A and C are correct

A

D. A and C are correct

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14
Q

PROVIDES AVAILABLE GAS FOR EXCHANGE IN BETWEEN BREATHE:
A. Tidal volume
B. Residual volume
C. Vital capacity
D. Inspiratory reserve volume

A

B. Residual volume

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15
Q

THIS ALLOW CONTINUOUS EXCHANGE OF GASES DURING BREATH
HOLDING AFTER A NORMAL EXPIRATION:
A. Tidal volume
B. Inspiratory reserve volume
C. Functional residual capacity
D. Residual volume

A

D. Residual volume

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16
Q

IN PARTIAL AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, THE RESIDUAL VOLUME:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains unchanged

A

A. Increases

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17
Q

WITH MASS OF GAS KEPT CONSTANT, PRESSURE OF A GAS INCREASES WHEN VOLUME WHICH CONTAIN THE GAS DECREASES.
This is known as:
A. Boyle’s Law
B. Henry’s Law
C. Dalton’s Law
D. The law of LaPlace

A

A. Boyle’s Law

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18
Q

THE ALVEOLAR VENTILATION IS HIGHEST IN:
A. TV= 500ml; RR= 12 breaths/min
B. TV= 200ml; RR= 30 breaths/min
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. TV= 500ml; RR= 12 breaths/min

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19
Q

DECREASED FEV1/FVC RATIO IS SEEN WHEN:
A. Diaphragmatic paralysis
B. Surfactant deficiency
C. Obstruction to pulmonary airflow
D. Increased dead space air

A

C. Obstruction to pulmonary airflow

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20
Q

A PATIENT WITH RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE TYPICALLY HAS THE
FOLLOWING EXCEPT
A. Increased FEV1 and normal lung compliance
B. Decreased FEV1 and decreased lung compliance
C. Increased FEV1/VC ratio
D. Breathing is fast and shallow

A

C. Increased FEV1/VC ratio

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21
Q

NORMAL PARTIAL PRESSURE OF BLOOD IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE IS
ABOUT:
A. PO2= 159 mmHg; pCO2= 45 mmHg
B. pO2= 100 mmHg; pCO2= 40 mmHg
C. PO2= 40 mmHg; pCO2= 45 mmHg
D. PO2= 40 mmHg; pCO2= 40 mmHg

A

B. pO2= 100 mmHg; pCO2= 40 mmHg

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22
Q

DURING EXERCISE THERE IS INCREASED:
A. Alveolar ventilation
B. Ventilation/perfusion ratio
C. Surface area of respiratory membrane
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

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23
Q

WHAT FACTOR/S AIDS IN STABILIZING THE ALVEOLI FROM
COLLAPSING?
A. Pulmonary surfactant
B. Interdependence of adjacent alveoli sacs upon one another
C. Elastic fibers
D. A and B are correct

A

D. A and B are correct

24
Q

WHEN SURFACTANT PRODUCTION BY PNEUMOCYTES IS DEFICIENT, THE PULMONARY COMPLIANCE:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Not affected

A

B. Decreases

25
Q

THIS DOES NOT AFFECT THE RATE OF GAS DIFFUSION ACROSS
THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
A. Thickness of the membrane
B. Surface area of membrane
C. Temperature
D. Pressure gradient

A

C. Temperature

26
Q

RATE OF DIFFUSION OF GAS INCREASES WHEN THIS PARAMETER DECREASES:
A. Pressure gradient
B. Surface area
C. Respiratory membrane thickness
D. None of these

A

C. Respiratory membrane thickness

27
Q

THE DIFFUSING CAPACITY OF O2 IS INREASED DURING EXERCISE
BY:
A. Opening of previously closed capillaries (recruitment)
B. Dilation of preciously openend capillaries (distention)
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

A

C. Both A and B

28
Q

GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE AT THE LEVEL OF THE PULMONARY:
A. Venule
B. Arteriole
C. Capillaries
D. artery

A

C. Capillaries

29
Q

AT THE TISSUE LEVEL, THE PO2 AT THE ARTERIOLAR END OF THE
CAPILLARY IS…
A. Higher than
B. Lower than
C. The same as the interstitium

A

A. Higher than

30
Q

THIS IS CHARACTERISTIC OF UPPERMOST PORTION OF THE LUNG
COMPARED TO OTHER PORTIONS:
A. Relatively lower V/Q ratio
B. Lowest perfusion
C. Highest pCO2
D. Lowest pO2

A

B. Lowest perfusion

31
Q

PULMONARY EDEMA TAKES PLACE WHEN PULMONARY CAPILLARY
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE _____ PLASMA COLLOIDAL OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
A. Is lower than
B. Exceeds by 10 mmHg
C. Is equal to
D. Exceeds by 21 mmHg

A

D. Exceeds by 21 mmHg

32
Q

PULMONARY EDEMA TAKES PLACE WHEN PULMONARY CAPILLARY
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE _____ PLASMA COLLOIDAL OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
A. Is lower than
B. Exceeds by 10 mmHg
C. Is equal to
D. Exceeds by 21 mmHg

A

D. Exceeds by 21 mmHg

33
Q

HYPOXIC HYPOXIA RESULT IN TISSUE WHEN:
A. Blood flow is reduced
B. Respiratory membrane is abnormally thickened
C. RBC count decreases
D. Tissue cannot utilize adequate supply of O2

A

A. Blood flow is reduced

34
Q

HYPOXIC HYPOXIA
A. Can occur in high altitude
B. Non-oxygenated Hb is increased
C. Can be relieved by oxygen theraphy
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

35
Q

AN INCREASE OF P50 OF THE HBO2 DISSOCIATION CURVE RESULTS FROM A DECREASE IN
A. Core body temperature
B. Plasma pH
C. paCO2
D. 2-3 DPG production

A

B. Plasma pH

36
Q

WHEN MORE H+ RELEASED FROM CARBONIC ACID BINDS TO
HEMOGLOBIN. OXYGEN AFFINITY TO HEMOGLOBIN DECREASES.
This is known as:
A. Haldane effect
B. Heimlich Maneuver
C. Hering-Breuer reflex
D. Bohr effect

A

D. Bohr effect

37
Q

AT A PO2 OF 100 MMHG, FURTHER INCREASING PO2 WILL
INCREASE O2 IN:
A. RBC
B. Plasma
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Plasma

38
Q

KNOWN TO LIMIT THE DURATION OF INSPIRATION THUS BRINGING
ABOUT INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE
A. Apneustic center
B. Dorsal respiratory group
C. Ventral respiratory group
D. Pneumotaxic center

A

D. Pneumotaxic center

39
Q

THE BASIC RESPIRATORY RHYTHM IS GENERATED IN THE:
A. Vental mdulla
B. Dorsal medulla
C. Apneustic center
D. Pneumotaxic center

A

B. Dorsal medulla

40
Q

MORE POTENT STIMULUS OF PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS
A. Signals from proprioreceptors
B. Decreased PO2
C. Decreased plasma pH
D. Increases pCO2

A

B. Decreased PO2

41
Q

PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS MAY BOTH
CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASED VENTILATION THAT OCCURS AS A
RESULT OF:
A. Increased paCO2
B. Increased plasma pH
C. Decreased paO2
D. Decreased artherial blood pressure

A

A. Increased paCO2

42
Q

THIS STATEMENT IS TRUE REGARDING STIMULATION OF CENTRAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
A. Are more sensitive to increased serum H+
B. Are subject to voluntary control
C. CO2 have a more potent effect in stimulating chemosensitive neurons Than H+
D. Neurons are located in the pons

A

C. CO2 have a more potent effect in stimulating

43
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS, BY DEFINITION, A CONDITION
CALLED DYSPNEA?
A. Increase in the rate of breathing regardless of patient’s subjective sensation
B. Rapid, shallow breathing
C. Breathing in which the subject is conscious of shortness of breath
D. Increase in the depth of breathing

A

C. Breathing in which the subject is conscious of shortness of breath

44
Q

MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B
101. Decrease hemoglobin
102. High altitude
103. Carbon Monoxide poisoning
104. Cyanide poisoning
105. Obstructed Blood Vessels

a. Hypoxic hypoxia
b. Anemic hypoxia
c. Ischemic hypoxia
d. Histotoxic hypoxia

A

Decrease hemoglobin = Anemic hypoxia
Carbon Monoxide poisoning = Anemic hypoxia
High altitude = Hypoxic hypoxia
Cyanide poisoning = Histotoxic hypoxia
Obstructed Blood Vessels = Ischemic hypoxia

45
Q
  1. This/these structure/s is/are part of the
    respiratory unit
    A. Terminal bronchioles
    B. Alveolar vessels
    C. Alveolar ducts
    D. All of the above
A

C. Alveolar ducts

RATIO: The respiratory unit is the actual site of gas exchange. It is composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.
Conducting unit includes all other
respiratory passageways, which provide fairly rigid conduits for air to reach the gas exchange sites. They also cleanse, humidify, & warm incoming air. Structures included in this unit are as follows: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & terminal bronchioles.

46
Q
  1. The following is TRUE during inspiration:
    A. Transverse diameter of the thorax decreases
    B. Internal intercostals increases AP-L diameter of the thorax
    C. Diaphragm pushes the abdominal contents downward
    D. Abdominal muscles contract
A

C. Diaphragm pushes the abdominal contents downward

RATIO: During inspiration, the diaphragm protrudes into the abdominal cavity and moves the abdomen outside, creating a negative pressure inside the chest. It pushes the ribs outward increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax, allowing the expansion of the lungs.
External intercostal muscles pull the rib upward and forward. It causes an increase in both the AP-L diameter of the thorax.
Abdominal muscles are involved in forceful expiration.

47
Q

This will result to dilatation of the airways
A. Parasympathetic stimulation
B. Decrease alveolar oxygen
C. Histamine release
D. Sympathetic stimulation

A

D. Sympathetic stimulation

Parasympathetic stimulation, decrease alveolar oxygen and histamine release promotes constriction of the airways.

48
Q
  1. Which of the following is true?
    A. Hyperventilation increases PaO2
    B. Carbon monoxide facilitates Haldane effect
    C. Carbon monoxide reduces O2 binding to Hemoglobin
    D. There is increased O2 pressure gradient between arterial blood and the tissues

HCO3- 23 mmol/L

ABG: pH- 7.46, PaO2- 90 mmHg, PaCO2- 33 mmHg,

A

C. Carbon monoxide reduces O2 binding to Hemoglobin

Among the choices, Choice C is the most relevant to the case.
Carbon monoxide can oxidize iron molecule from ferrous state to ferric state that’s why it reduces O2 binding to hemoglobin.

49
Q
  1. Smoke inhalation increases ventilation.
    Which chemoreceptors will be stimulated?
    A. Carotid & aortic sinus only
    B. Central chemoreceptors only
    C. Central & peripheral chemoreceptors
    D. Carotid & aortic bodies only
A

C. Central & peripheral chemoreceptors

Central & peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated because the patient experienced ischemia due to smoke inhalation. Carotid & aortic sinus respond to increased blood pressure.

50
Q
  1. What is the acid-base balance of the patient?
    A. Metabolic acidosis
    B. Metabolic alkalosis
    C. Respiratory acidosis
    D. Respiratory alkalosis
A

D. Respiratory alkalosis

51
Q

In acute mountain sickness, the development of cerebral edema is attributed to:
A. Cerebral vasodilation
B. Cerebral vasoconstriction
C. High pressure vascular leaks
D. B & C are correct

A

A. Cerebral vasodilation

52
Q
  1. This is expected in prolonged space travel
    A. Increase in red cell mass
    B. Increase in muscle strength
    C. Increase in cardiac output
    D. Increase urinary excretion of Ca
A

D. Increase urinary excretion of Ca

Prolonged space travel causes loss of bone mass-›increase osteolytic activity-> increase plasma calcium-›increase urinary excretion of calcium

53
Q

A sky jumper reaches terminal velocity when
A. Air resistance is greater than effect of gravity
B. Air resistance is lesser than effect of gravity
C. Air resistance is equal to the effect of gravity
D. There is acceleration of the sky jumper’s fall

A

C. Air resistance is equal to the effect of gravity

Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity that a particular body can reach when falling through the air. Without air resistance, a body would continue to accelerate towards infinity. Newton’s 2nd law makes it easy to figure out when a body will reach its terminal velocity. When air resistance is equal to the downward force (MG), the sum of the forces acting on the body is equal to 0

54
Q

VCM dives and rapidly ascends from 150 ft below sea level. Which of the following is true?
A. N2 in the plasma is forced out of solution as pressure decreases
B. Solubility of Nz is increased as the diver resurfaces
C. COz production is increased, increasing
PaCO2 during ascent
D. O2 saturation is decreased as diver resurfaces

A

A. N2 in the plasma is forced out of solution as pressure decreases

RATIO: When you dive and as you go deeper, the pressure goes higher and nitrogenous gas can be compressed to become liquid form. Its solubility increases.
When you ascend rapidly, the nitrogen
that was dissolve in the blood will be converted to gas again as the pressure goes down. This nitrogen gas bubbles inside the blood vessels can cause air embolism & may lead to pulmonary embolism and stroke.

55
Q

Diving more than 200 ft, leads to development of “raptures of the deep” which is attributed to excessive accumulation in the tissues of
A. Helium
B. Nitrogen
C. COz
D. Oxygen

A

B. Nitrogen

RATIO: When you dive and as you go deeper, the pressure goes higher and nitrogenous gas can be compressed to become liquid form. Its solubility increases.
When you ascend rapidly, the nitrogen
that was dissolve in the blood will be converted to gas again as the pressure goes down. This nitrogen gas bubbles inside the blood vessels can cause air embolism & may lead to pulmonary embolism and stroke.

56
Q

At present deep sea divers when exploring the deep sea their SCUBA contains
A. 78% helium & 21 % oxygen
B. 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen
C. 50% oxygen and 50% nitrogen
D. 50% oxygen and 50% helium

A

A. 78% helium & 21 % oxygen

The air that we breathe contains 78% nitrogen & 21% oxygen. In scuba diving, they use helium gas instead of nitrogen because it is denser than nitrogen thus, it can diffuse easily.
Helium is also used to prevent nitrogen toxicity.

Physio (self) (17 decks)

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