LE 5 - Respi (2022) Flashcards
- The respiratory units of the lungs consists of:
A. Alveolar, alveoli, respiratory bronchioles
B. Respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
C. Terminal bronchioles, alveolar, alveoli
D. Trachea, primary and secondary bronchi
A. Alveolar, alveoli, respiratory bronchioles
Rationale: The basic physiological unit of the lung is the respiratory or gas-exchanging unit (respiratory unit), which consists of the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, and the alveoli. Berne & Levy, p 418
- Bronchial circulation is important because it:
A. Provides constant left ventricular output
B. Provides oxygenated blood to the lungs
C. Serves as large blood reservoir
D. Serves as regulator of vascular pressure
Provides oxygenated blood to the lungs
- Physiologic role of surfactant
A. Prevent alveolar collapse during inspiration
B. Promote lung expansion at inspiration
C. Reduce alveolar stability during expiration
D. Reduce alveolar resistance during expiration
Prevent alveolar collapse during inspiration
9 The effect of exercise in pulmonary vascular capillary pressure is that the pulmonary vascular capillaries:
A. Decreases because of decrease O2 alveolar pressure
B. Decreases because of increase CO2
C. Increases because of recruitment of closed capillaries
D. D. (???)
Increases because of recruitment of closed capillaries
- Obstructive Lung Disease :
✔ Increased RV/TLC ratio due to increased Residual Volume
- Maximum volume of air in the lungs is controlled by:
A. Total Lung Capacity
B. Elastic lung recoil
C. Pleural pressure
Total Lung Capacity
- Effect of Lung compliance to lung volume:
A. Lung compliance increases and lung volume increases
B. Lung compliance increases and lung volume decreases
C. Lung compliance decreases and lung volume decreases
D. Lung compliance and lung volume are independent to each other
Lung compliance decreases and lung volume decreases
- Characteristics of gas air flow:
A. Decreases because of decrease in elastin fibers
B. Decreases because of increase in collagen fibers
C. Increases because of decrease in elastin fibers
D. Increases because of increase in collagen fibers
Decreases because of increase in collagen fibers
- Define lung compliance:
A. a measure of the elastic properties of the lung.
B. measure of how easily the lung is distended.
C. is defined as the change in lung volume resulting from a 1-cm H20 change in the distending pressure of the lung.
is defined as the change in lung volume resulting from a 1-cm H20 change in the distending pressure of the lung.
During inspiration pleural pressure:
With the onset of inspiration, the muscles of the diaphragm and chest shorten, which causes a downward movement of the diaphragm and outward and upward movement of the rib cage. Alveolar pressure falls below zero, and when the glottis opens, gas moves into the airways. Berne & Levy, p. 435
- A decrease in one of these decreases lung compliance:
A. Alveolar Ventilation
B. Pulmonary Perfusion
C. Surfactant Concentration
D. Transpulmonary Pressure
Surfactant Concentration
What is the Effect of surfactant concentration in alveoli ventilation?
A. Prevent alveolar collapse during inspiration
B. Promote lung expansion at inspiration
C. Reduce alveolar stability during expiration
D. Reduce alveolar resistance during expiration
Prevent alveolar collapse during inspiration
- The main factor that affect airway resistance.
A. Airway length
B. Density of gas
C. Radius of airway
D. Viscosity of gas
Radius of airway
- Time constant of alveolar unit is dependent on:
A. Airway resistance
B. Gas flow pattern
C. Lung volume
D. Reynold’s number
Airway resistance
- The direction of diffusion of CO2 across respiratory membrane:
Pulmonary capillaries into alveoli because PAO2 is GREATER THAN PaO2
- One of these is the difference in V/Q ratio:
A. V/Q ratio is less than 1 at the apex
B. V/Q ratio is greater than 1 at the base
C. V/Q ratio is greater at the apex
D. V/Q ratio is greater at the base
V/Q ratio is greater at the apex
37.Feature of Expiratory Flow Rate:
✔ The total volume of air that is exhaled during a maximal forced exhalation from TLC to RV is called the FVC. The volume of air that is exhaled in the first second during the maneuver is called the FEV1. In normal individuals, 75% to 80% of the FVC can be exhaled in the first second. Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio is greater than 75% to 80% in normal adults. A ratio less than 75% suggests diffi culty exhaling because of obstruction and is a hallmark of obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Complete obstruction of airways leads to:
A. Shunted blood
B. Normal V/Q ratio
C. Normal ventilation
D. V/Q = 0
Shunted blood
- Carbon monoxide poisoning leads to _hypoxia
A. Anemic
B. Circulatory
C. Histotoxic
D. Hypoxia
Anemic
- Anemia decreases O2 transport in the blood by decreasing:
A. Arterial O2 pressure
B. Dissolved O2
C. Efficiency in gas exchange
D. O2 binding sites
O2 binding sites
- Response to irritant receptors is to increase
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Pons
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
Medulla oblongata
- What is the physiological significance of ramp signal medullatory respiratory neurons
A. Initiation of basic rhythm of respiration
B. Production of inspiratory gasps
C. Smooth elastic recoil of lungs and thorax
D. Smooth expansion of lungs and thorax
Smooth expansion of lungs and thorax
- Response to Herring-Breuer reflex:
A. Cessation of inspiration
B. Cessation of expiration
C. Increase respiratory rate
D. Increase tidal volume
Cessation of inspiration
75.The effect of hypoxemia on respiratory center is
A. Inhibition of respiratory center will inhibit the central chemoreceptors
B. Inhibition of respiratory center will inhibit the peripheral chemoreceptors
C. Stimulation of respiratory center will activate the central chemoreceptors
D. Stimulation of respiratory center will activate the peripheral chemoreceptors
Stimulation of respiratory center will activate the peripheral chemoreceptors
- One of these decreases the activity of Central Chemoreceptors
A. Increase PaCO2
B. Increase serum H+
C. Decrease PaCO2
D. Decrease PaO2
Decrease PaCO2
- Respiratory changes during exercise:
A. Decreased PACO2
B. Decreased PA O2
C. Increased Pa O2
D. Increased minute ventilation
Increased minute ventilation
- Abnormal ventilator control is characterized by varying tidal volume and ventilator frequency after a period of apnea is known as
A. Apneustic breathing
B. Biot’s ventilation
C. Cheyne-stokes volume
D. Sleep apnea
Apneustic breathing
82.Small particles in the alveoli are cleared by
A. Alveolar macrophage
B. Periciliary movement
C. Mucociliary transport system
D. Cilia
Alveolar macrophage
- Diffusing capacity during rapid ascent to high altitude is increased by:
A. Transpulmonary pressure
B. Viscosity of blood
Transpulmonary pressure
87 Compensatory mechanism associated with chronic mountain climbing sickness includes:
A. Enlargement of the Left Ventricle due to elevated pulmonary artery pressure.
B. Enlargement of the Right Ventricle due to the elevation of venous return to the heart.
C. Excessive erythrocyte production by the bone marrow
D. All of the above
All of the above
- High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) is characterized by:
A. Decreased blood pressure
B. Decreased neuronal activity
C. Increased blood viscosity
D. Increased diameter of cerebral blood vessels
Decreased neuronal activity
- In deep sea diving what leads to oxygen toxicity?
Excessive Intracellular Oxidation / Oxidizing Free Radicals.
96 Effect of Positive G acceleration force?
A. Bone fracture
B. Hyperemia of head
C. Hypertension
D. Pyschosis.
Hyperemia of head
- Centrifugal acceleratory force decreases blood pressure through:
A. Elevated afterload secondary to compression of peripheral tissues
B. Elevated heart rate secondary to stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
C. Reduction of myocardial contraction secondary to inhibition of baroreceptor reflex
D. Reduction of preload secondary to vasodilation of peripheral veins
Reduction of preload secondary to vasodilation of peripheral veins
- Mechanism of decompression sickness during ascent?
√ pressure against the outside of the body = 1 atmosphere
