Autonomic Effects on Various Organs of the Body Flashcards
Stomach: Motility and Tone - Receptor Type
α2, β2
Stomach: Motility and Tone - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Decrease (usually) +
It has been proposed that adrenergic fibers terminate at
* inhibitory β receptors on smooth muscle fibers
* inhibitory α receptors on parasympathetic cholinergic (excitatory) ganglion cells of the Auerbach plexus.
Stomach: Motility and Tone - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Increase +++
Stomach: Pyloric Spinchters - Receptor Type
α1
Stomach: Pyloric Spinchters - α1 Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Contraction (usually) +
Stomach: Spinchters - α1 Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Relaxation (usually) +
Stomach: Secretion - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Inhibition (?)
Stomach: Secretion - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Stimulation +++
Intestine: Motility and Tone - Receptor Type
α2, β2
It has been proposed that adrenergic fibers terminate at
* inhibitory β receptors on smooth muscle fibers
* inhibitory α receptors on parasympathetic cholinergic (excitatory) ganglion cells of the Auerbach plexus.
Intestine: Motility and Tone - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Decrease (usually) +
Intestine: Motility and Tone - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Increase +++
Intestine: Spinchters - Receptor Type
α
Intestine: Spinchters - α Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Contraction (usually) +
Intestine: Spinchters - α Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Relaxation (usually) +
Intestine: Secretion - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Inhibition (?)
Intestine: Secretion - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Stimulation +++
Gallbladder and Bile Ducts - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Relaxation +
Gallbladder and Bile Ducts - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Contraction +
Liver: Receptor Type
α, β2
Liver: Adrenergic Impulse/Response β2
Glycogenolysis (Catabolic), gluconeogenesis (Anabolic) +++ : Glucose Released
Liver: Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Glycogen synthesis (Anabolic) +
Pancreas: Acini - Receptor Type
α2
Acini : Important for release of digestive juices
Pancreas: Acini - α2 Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Decreased secretion +
Acini : Important for release of digestive juices
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Acini - α2 Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Secretion +
Acini : Important for release of digestive juices
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Islets (beta cells) - Receptor Type
α, β2
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Islets (beta cells) - α Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Decreased secretion ++
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Islets (beta cells) - β2 Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Increased secretion +
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Fat cells - Receptor Type
α, β1
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Fat cells - Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Lipolysis +++
SNS wants the catabolic pathways stimulated by the glucagon for energy source
Stimulate release of **glucagon from α cells **
Inhibit release of insulin from β cells
Pancreas: Salivary glands - α Adrenergic Impulse/Response
K+ and water secretion +
Pancreas: Salivary glands - α Cholinergic Impulse/Response
K+ and water secretion +++
Pancreas: Salivary glands - β Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Amylase secretion +
Pancreas: Lacrimal glands - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Secretion ++
Pancreas: Nasopharyngeal glands - Cholinergic Impulse/Response
Secretion ++
Pancreas: Pineal gland - β Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Melatonin synthesis
Arterioles: Salivary Gland - Receptor Type
α
Arterioles: Salivary Gland - α1 Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Constriction +++
Blood vessels: constriction → ↓water and gland electrolytes to be mixed with the saliva
Arterioles: Salivary Gland - α Adrenergic Impulse/Response
Dilation ++
Glands: Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation : β2
Nasal
Lacrimal
Parotid
Submandibular
Gastric
Pancreatic
Vasoconstriction and slight secretion
SNS (B2): NE/VasoCONSTRICTION
Producton of THICKER SALIVA
Contains β2 adrenergic receptors
o Switches salivary secretions into making
*Decrease water and electrolyte-rich saliva
*Increase mucin proteins
*Increase different salivary enzymes
*End result: thicker saliva
Blood vessels going to the salivary glands contain α1 adrenergic receptors → constricts blood vessels → ↓blood flow → ↓water and electrolytes to be mixed with the saliva
Glands: Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation : M3
Nasal
Lacrimal
Parotid
Submandibular
Gastric
Pancreatic
Stimulation of copious secretion (containing many enzymes for enzyme-secreting glands)
PNS (M3) : ACh/VasoDILATION
Gut: Lumen - Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation
Decreased peristalsis and tone
Gut: Lumen - Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation
Increased peristalsis and tone
Gut: Sphincter - Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation
Increased tone (most times)
Gut: Sphincter - Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation
Relaxed (most times)
Blood: Glucose - Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation
Increased
Blood: Glucose - Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation
No Effect
Basal metabolism - Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation
Increased up to 100%
Basal metabolism - Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation
No Effect
GI Tract - SNS β2 (Smooth Muscle)
Relaxation of Smooth Muscle
GI Tract - SNS α1 (Smooth Muscle)
Constriction
Adipose tissues: SNS Response β3
Stimulates lipolysis
Breakdown lipids for energy source
Gastric Glands:Parietal Cells- PNS M1
Increase Secretion
Exocrine Glands: PNS M3
Lacrimal gland
salivary glands,
sweat glands,
pancreatic acini,
gastric glands
Increase Secretion
GI tract (smooth muscles): PNS M3
Increase peristalsis (Contraction) , segmentation, HCl secretion, pepsinogen and intestinal secretion.
PNS: M3 / Always wet/contracts/constricts
Internal anal sphincter: PNS M3
Increase contraction: Defacation
Blood Flow to the GIT : SNS α1
Vasoconstriction
Increase Ca++
Stimulates PLC → ↑DAG, IP3 → activates PKC, ↑↑Ca2+ → phosphorylate different proteins and enzymes
α1/Gq
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase → ↓cAMP → inhibits PKA → inhibits phosphorylation
↑K+ channel permeability → ↑K+ efflux → cell hyperpolarization
α2/Gi
Activates adenylyl cyclase → ↑cAMP → stimulates PKA → stimulates phosphorylation
β1/2/3 :Gs
Sympathetic Receptor/s for Smooth Muscles
α1 and β2
Sympathetic Receptor/s for Kidney and Heart
β1
Sympathetic Receptor/s for Adipose and Bladder
β3