Salmonella

Question 1

2 Species in the genus Salmonella

Answer 1

1. Salmonella bongori
2. Salmonella enterica

Question 2

How many subspecies does S. enterica have?

Answer 2

6

Question 3

serovar

Answer 3

distinct variations (sometimes used interchangeably with serotype); again determined by the combination of serogroups

Question 4

Salmonella nomenclature

Answer 4

obnoxious; capitalization and italicizing does matter

Question 5

XLD agar

Answer 5

selective for Salmonella (black colonies) due to hydrogen sulfide production

Question 6

Salmonella enterica subsp enterica

Answer 6

most common salmonella infection; has O and H antigens

Question 7

O antigen

Answer 7

LPS

Question 8

H antigen

Answer 8

flagella

Question 9

primary host of S. typhi and typhimurium

Answer 9

human

Question 10

primary host of S. cholerasuis

Answer 10

pig

Question 11

primary host of S. dublin and newport

Answer 11

cattle

Question 12

primary host of S. pullorum

Answer 12

poultry

Question 13

primary host of S. anatum

Answer 13

horse

Question 14

Transmission of Salmonella?

Answer 14

fecal-oral

Question 15

What Salmonella species do we think of associated with reptiles?

Answer 15

Bongori and Arizonae

Question 16

Leading cause of Salmonella enteritidis outbreaks?

Answer 16

eggs

Salmonella invades the GI tract in asymptomatic hens, goes to the ovaries, where as the shell forms it encases the Salmonella

Question 17

Why are we seeing an increase in pet foodborne illness?

Answer 17

RAW DIETS
can also be found in pig ears and hooves that we give to our dogs to chew on

Question 18

Some other sources of Salmonella outbreak

Answer 18

ice cream, leafy greens, sprouts, peanut butter

Question 19

Vet-LIRN

Answer 19

Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network

coordination of VDLs under the FDA to investigate and mitigate pet food contamination, plus monitor antibiotic resistance in companion animal flora and pathogens (zoonosis concerns)

Question 20

2 Major Diseases caused by Salmonellosis

Answer 20

1. Typhoidal
2. Nontyphoidal

Question 21

Which salmonellosis are we more concerned about in animal health - typhoidal or non-typhoidal?

Answer 21

non-typhoidal

typhoidal is mainly humans and some higher primates

Question 22

Clinical Signs of Salmonellosis

Answer 22

enteritis, diarrhea, fever, weakness, myalgia, abscesses, septicemia, arthritis

Question 23

Histological Signs of Salmonellosis

Answer 23

S enterica subsp enterica causes villus blunting, hemorrhage, and immune infiltrate

normal left, abnormal right

Question 24

T3SS

Answer 24

used by Salmonella to gain entry into enterocytes

Question 25

flagellar phase variation in Salmonella

Answer 25

used to escape the host's humoral immune response by switching between H1 and H2 motility types

Question 26

pathogenicity islands

Answer 26

gene clusters SPI-1 and SPI-2 which encode virulence factors; typically close together so they are under similar control

Question 27

invA

Answer 27

gene present in all types of Salmonella that is the basis for PCR detection methods

Question 28

SPI-2

Answer 28

allows salmonella to live within phagocytic cells

Question 29

SPI-1

Answer 29

mediates cell attachment and invasion

Question 30

SipC

Answer 30

facilitates invasion of epithelial cells

Question 31

SipB

Answer 31

mediates Salmonella's invasion of a macrophage, possibly inducing apoptosis of said macrophage

Question 32

SopA & B

Answer 32

responsible for inflammation and diarrhea

Question 33

Novel target for antibiotics for Salmonella (and probably E. coli by extension)?

Answer 33

Type 3 Secretion System

Question 34

Why does Salmonella want inflammation?

Answer 34

prevents ability of neutrophils to pass through the enterocytes!