Lawsonia, Campylobacter, Heliobacter

Question 1

Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 1

small gram negative obligate intracellular rod that is difficult to culture

Question 2

Proliferative enteropathy due to Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 2

inflammation of small and large intestine starting at the jejunum in pigs, horses, hamsters and rodents

Question 3

Transmission of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy

Answer 3

fecal-oral

Question 4

2 Forms of Porcine Proliferative Enteritis

Answer 4

1. Acute
2. Chronic

Question 5

Acute Porcine Proliferative Enteritis

Answer 5

4-12 months of age results in intestinal hemorrhage, sudden death, pale carcass, petechial hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa

Question 6

Chronic Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy

Answer 6

stress post-WEANING, incubates, mild enteritis by 10-12 weeks of age

Question 7

Pathogenesis of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy

Answer 7

infects tonsils, lymph nodes, migrates to GI where it causes HYPERPLASIA resulting in long branching intestinal crypts, lots of mitotic figures

Question 8

Effect of PPE on number of goblet cells

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

Diagnosis of PPE

Answer 9

PCR, basically

Question 10

Equine Proliferative Enteropathy

Answer 10

affects 3-6 month old weanlings, low Na/K/Ca, metabolic acidosis

Question 11

2 Types of Disease caused by Campylobacter

Answer 11

1. Venereal
2. Enteral

Question 12

Campylobacter fetus

Answer 12

two subspecies (venerealis and fetus), affects bovines and ovines

Question 13

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

Answer 13

obligate in bovine genitalia which results in loss of fertility (but it can return after about 5 months)

Question 14

C. fetus subsp. venerealis in BULLS

Answer 14

NO SIGNS
test and vaccinate to protect

Question 15

C. fetus subsp. fetus

Answer 15

ingested

causes abortions in latter half of gestation; bacteremia localizes in placenta

Question 16

Seagull shape

Answer 16

C. fetus subsp. fetus is so 1989 coded

Question 17

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 17

gram negative CURVED rods, thermophilic and fastidious, motile

Question 18

Campylobacterosis

Answer 18

infection is severe and long-lasting (weeks to months) but signs are less so - diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, crying

Question 19

Asymptomatic carriers of C. jejuni?

Answer 19

pigs

Question 20

most common cause of C. jejuni infection?

Answer 20

contaminated poultry

Question 21

C. jejuni transmission

Answer 21

fecal-oral AND contaminated food

Question 22

Is C. jejuni zoonotic?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Infectious dose of C. jejuni

Answer 23

500 (low!)

Question 24

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 24

rare autoimmune effect of infection with C. jejuni that eats away at the myelin sheath of peripheral nerve endings, possibly causing paralysis and death

Question 25

What percent of poultry flocks are infected with C. jejuni?

Answer 25

more than 83% omg

Question 26

cytolethal descending toxin (CDT)

Answer 26

toxin of campylobacter dependent on expression of 3 tandem genes, resulting in DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in enterocytes and immune cells

Question 27

Morphology of C. jejuni Colony

Answer 27

if able to grow (microaerophilic and requires specific media), will have raindrop or candle flame appearance (clear, flat, shiny)

Question 28

Campylobacter coli

Answer 28

less virulent than C. jejuni but still a problem in swine and humans, sensitive to fluoroquinolones

Question 29

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 29

causative agent of HUMAN gastric ulcers and stomach cancer

Question 30

vacA+

Answer 30

vacuolating toxin that is the principle virulence factor of Helicobacter sp.

targets mitochondria, damages epithelial cells and disrupts tight junctions –> apoptosis

Question 31

Does helicobacter pylori like high or low pH?

Answer 31

LOW