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607 Bacteriology > Bacillus > Flashcards

Bacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What is Koch’s postulates based on?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

large, aerobic, gram-positive rods that appear as chains of perfect rectangles that form spores

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3
Q

B. anthracis

catalase positive or negative?

A

Catalase positive

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4
Q

Does Bacillus sporulate?

A

yes

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5
Q

Which Bacillus species is not motile?

A

B. anthracis

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6
Q

Which Bacillus species is not beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar?

A

B. anthracis

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7
Q

3 Unique Properties of Bacillus anthracis (versus B. cereus and B. thuringiensis)

A
  1. B. anthracis is not beta-hemolytic on sheep agar
  2. B. anthracis is not motile
  3. B. anthracis has a glutamyl-polypeptide capsule
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8
Q

Fried Rice Syndrome

A

common name for disease caused by B. cereus

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9
Q

Rare effects of B. cereus in animals?

A

gangrene mastitis, abortion, dermatitis/ear infection in dogs

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10
Q

2 Forms of B. cereus Food Poisoning

A
  1. Emetic
  2. Diarrheal
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11
Q

Emetic B. cereus

A

short incubation (1-6 hours), relatively heat stable

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12
Q

Diarrheal B. cereus

A

longer incubation than emetic (8-16 hours), can be heat-killed

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13
Q

B. cereus Pathogenesis

A

found normally in soil, veggies, other foods; too many leads to food poisoning; occurs most often when food is not cooked enough or grows on a buffet

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14
Q

Is fried rice syndrome self limiting?

A

yes - should resolve on its own within 6-24 hours

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15
Q

What type of agar might B. anthracis be beta hemolytic on?

A

human or rabbit blood agar (NOT sheep!)

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16
Q

Appearance of B. anthracis

A

“ground glass”, Medusa-heads

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17
Q

glutamyl-polypeptide capsule

A

important in virulent strains of B. anthracis; capsules present when bacteria is grown in the presence of CO2

18
Q

How/when do B. anthracis spores form?

A

upon exposure to air

19
Q

Should you ever culture a sample of B. anthracis?

A

NO - JUST PCR!

so so infectious, it very bad

20
Q

How to get rid of B. anthracis positive animals?

A

CREMATION with KEROSENE

do not bury the animal because spores are incredibly stable in the soil (22+ years!)

21
Q

frank pathogen

A

always cause disease regardless of the host

22
Q

Is anthrax zoonotic?

A

yes

23
Q

Is B. anthracis a frank pathogen?

A

yes

24
Q

Is B. anthracis reportable?

A

YES

25
Q

Animal species most commonly affected by B. anthracis?

A

RUMINANTS (but can infect most species)

26
Q

Main Sign of B. anthracis Infection in ruminants?

A

Bleeding from body orifices! (unique to B. anthracis)

also edema and bloat

27
Q

Sign of B. anthracis in horses?

A

edematous swelling in neck, throat, and shoulders; and obviously colic

28
Q

4 Presentations of Human Anthrax

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Inhalation
  3. Gastrointestinal
  4. Oropharyngeal
29
Q

Most common human anthrax form?

A

cutaneous

creates malignant pustules that become black necrotic ulcers

30
Q

Virulence Factors of B. anthracis

A

capsule and exotoxins

31
Q

pXO2 plasmid

A

encodes the glutamyl-polypeptide capsule of B. anthracis and inhibits opsonization and phagocytosis

32
Q

pXO1 plasmid

A

encodes the exotoxins of B. anthracis

33
Q

3 Exotoxin Components of B. anthracis

A
  1. Edema factor (EF)
  2. Protective antigen (PA)
  3. Lethal factor (LF)
34
Q

Edema factor

A

converts ATP to cAMP which causes edema

35
Q

Protective antigen

A

binds with host cell and forms pores to take toxin into the cell

36
Q

LF + PA

A

lethal activity

37
Q

EF + PA

A

edema

38
Q

EF + PA + LF

A

edema, necrotic, lethal

39
Q

EF + LF

A

INACTIVE because it can’t get into the cell!

40
Q

MAPKK

A

important component in cell signaling that is degraded by lethal factor (LF)

41
Q

What do you do as a veterinarian if you suspect B. anthracis?

A
  1. Inform State veterinarian (they will be responsible for cremation on site)
  2. Collect a little blood for PCR
  3. Move herd to new pasture, treat with antibiotics and vaccinate, booster after 7-10 days
42
Q

Anthrax Vaccine

A

live, non-encapsulated

607 Bacteriology (24 decks)

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