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607 Bacteriology > Bacillus > Flashcards

Bacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What is Koch’s postulates based on?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

large, aerobic, gram-positive rods that appear as chains of perfect rectangles that form spores

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3
Q

B. anthracis

catalase positive or negative?

A

Catalase positive

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4
Q

Does Bacillus sporulate?

A

yes

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5
Q

Which Bacillus species is not motile?

A

B. anthracis

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6
Q

Which Bacillus species is not beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar?

A

B. anthracis

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7
Q

3 Unique Properties of Bacillus anthracis (versus B. cereus and B. thuringiensis)

A
  1. B. anthracis is not beta-hemolytic on sheep agar
  2. B. anthracis is not motile
  3. B. anthracis has a glutamyl-polypeptide capsule
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8
Q

Fried Rice Syndrome

A

common name for disease caused by B. cereus

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9
Q

Rare effects of B. cereus in animals?

A

gangrene mastitis, abortion, dermatitis/ear infection in dogs

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10
Q

2 Forms of B. cereus Food Poisoning

A
  1. Emetic
  2. Diarrheal
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11
Q

Emetic B. cereus

A

short incubation (1-6 hours), relatively heat stable

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12
Q

Diarrheal B. cereus

A

longer incubation than emetic (8-16 hours), can be heat-killed

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13
Q

B. cereus Pathogenesis

A

found normally in soil, veggies, other foods; too many leads to food poisoning; occurs most often when food is not cooked enough or grows on a buffet

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14
Q

Is fried rice syndrome self limiting?

A

yes - should resolve on its own within 6-24 hours

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15
Q

What type of agar might B. anthracis be beta hemolytic on?

A

human or rabbit blood agar (NOT sheep!)

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16
Q

Appearance of B. anthracis

A

“ground glass”, Medusa-heads

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17
Q

glutamyl-polypeptide capsule

A

important in virulent strains of B. anthracis; capsules present when bacteria is grown in the presence of CO2

18
Q

How/when do B. anthracis spores form?

A

upon exposure to air

19
Q

Should you ever culture a sample of B. anthracis?

A

NO - JUST PCR!

so so infectious, it very bad

20
Q

How to get rid of B. anthracis positive animals?

A

CREMATION with KEROSENE

do not bury the animal because spores are incredibly stable in the soil (22+ years!)

21
Q

frank pathogen

A

always cause disease regardless of the host

22
Q

Is anthrax zoonotic?

23
Q

Is B. anthracis a frank pathogen?

24
Q

Is B. anthracis reportable?

25
Animal species most commonly affected by B. anthracis?
RUMINANTS (but can infect most species)
26
Main Sign of B. anthracis Infection in ruminants?
Bleeding from body orifices! (unique to B. anthracis) also edema and bloat
27
Sign of B. anthracis in horses?
edematous swelling in neck, throat, and shoulders; and obviously colic
28
4 Presentations of Human Anthrax
1. Cutaneous 2. Inhalation 3. Gastrointestinal 4. Oropharyngeal
29
Most common human anthrax form?
cutaneous creates malignant pustules that become black necrotic ulcers
30
Virulence Factors of B. anthracis
capsule and exotoxins
31
pXO2 plasmid
encodes the glutamyl-polypeptide capsule of B. anthracis and inhibits opsonization and phagocytosis
32
pXO1 plasmid
encodes the exotoxins of B. anthracis
33
3 Exotoxin Components of B. anthracis
1. Edema factor (EF) 2. Protective antigen (PA) 3. Lethal factor (LF)
34
Edema factor
converts ATP to cAMP which causes edema
35
Protective antigen
binds with host cell and forms pores to take toxin into the cell
36
LF + PA
lethal activity
37
EF + PA
edema
38
EF + PA + LF
edema, necrotic, lethal
39
EF + LF
INACTIVE because it can't get into the cell!
40
MAPKK
important component in cell signaling that is degraded by lethal factor (LF)
41
What do you do as a veterinarian if you suspect B. anthracis?
1. Inform State veterinarian (they will be responsible for cremation on site) 2. Collect a little blood for PCR 3. Move herd to new pasture, treat with antibiotics and vaccinate, booster after 7-10 days
42
Anthrax Vaccine
live, non-encapsulated

607 Bacteriology (24 decks)

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