Saevdera and silverman Flashcards
name one stimulus given distress rating of 2/3 on digust/fear hierarchy
- small denim jean buttons
- large denim jean buttons
name one stimulus given distress rating of 7/8 on disgust/fear hierarchy
- small clear plastic buttons
- small colored plastic buttons
describe ppt used in study
- 9 year old
- american
- 1 male
- He had experienced a bowl of buttons falling on him (at school)
- He was presented by his mum to a Child Anxiety and Phobic Program
- He did meet the criteria (DSM–IV) for a phobia;
Explain why this study is from the learning approach.
- Part of this therapy was based on operant conditioning
- He was rewarded for being able to handle buttons on the Feeling Thermometer
describe incident that boy recalls started button phobia
- art project using buttons
- ran out of buttons
- asked to get more buttons from desk in front of class
- hand slipped and button fell on him
- felt embarrassed
outline the 6 month follow up/post treatment assesment results
- He reported minimal distress of buttons
- no longer met DSM- criteria for specific phobia buttons
- wore plastic buttons daily on school uniform
psych investiagted
- phobia investigated = irrational fear of object/situation
- Classical conditioning is learning through association
- A person comes to perceive previously neutral object/ event negatively
- negative evaluation prompts feeling of disgust rather than fear;
- The boy was being treated for his phobia of buttons
Describe how Saavedra and Silverman used the Child Anxiety and Phobia Program to diagnose the boy who had a phobia of buttons.
- Both mother and child were interviewed;
Using a standardised interview schedule for phobia - assessed against DSM-IV;
-had to produce a ‘positive’ result of a phobia of buttons.
DESCRIBE HOW BOY OVERCAME PHOBIA
- asked if he can remember any negative experiences w buttons
- identify a potential cause to help him to reverse the experience;
- asked to rate different buttons on a Fear/Disgust Hierarchy;
- object w lowest fear/disgust rating can be presented
- hes rewarded for being able to touch or use button;
- his feelings can be measured using a Feelings Thermometer.
Confedinatlity guidline
- any odentifiable feature of ppt should not be published
Describe the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
- rate (11) diff scenrios w/ buttons
- rated on Distress scale of 0–8
- 0 was the lowest distress/8 was the highest distress
- ratings used a Feelings Thermometer.
Identify one weakness of the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
- subjective
- given desirable ratings
- lied about the ratings
- 0–8 quite restrictive.
Describe the ‘behavioural exposures’ procedure as used in this study
-mother would provide positive reinforcement
Treatment sessions lasted 30m w/ boy
- additional 20m w/ boy+mum
-fear/digsut hierarchy constructed (for buttons);
- 8 point rating scale for buttons
- feelings thermometer = rate 11 diff scenarios w/ buttons/subjective
Outline the posttreatment follow-up assessment session.
- re-administered two measures;
-measured his anxiety towards buttons; - assessed against DSM (IV) criteria;
To see if he still had a diagnosed phobia (of buttons)
conclusions
Imagery exposure can have a positive long-term effect on reducing distress linked to phobias
