Canli (10) gyno Flashcards
describe procedure when ppt returned 3 weeks aft fMRI scans had occured
- ppt given unexpected recognition test
- viewed all previous 96 seen scences
- viewed 48 new foils
- foils chosen to match previous scences on valence
- asked if seen pic before
if said yes they had to say REMEBER if certain or KNOW if familiar - ppt responded “Forgotten” if cannot receall seen before/unsure
- foils balanced for valence + arousal charcteristics
2 features of sample
- 10 ppt
- all females
- all right handed
- volunteers
- ALL healthy
1 methodological problem arising if children used as ppt in study
- fMRI/MRI scanners used in study to measure brain ss/activity
- ppt must be still which may be hard for children -
- children may be scared to enter machine or be distressed of pics
describe presentation of images in scanner
- 96 images/ 48 foils
- presented for 2-3s
- presented through mirror
- 12-13s gap between each image
- imagery randomized each time scence showed
- scneces rated on arousal levels (high/low)
1 control used in scanner
- scans occurred as ppt looked at pics
- had to focus on fixation cross
1 brain scanning technique used in study
- MRI/ magnetic resonance imaging
- fMRI- functional magnetic resonance imaging
identify purpose of using MRI/fMRI
MRI= purpose to look at ss of brain
fMRI= purpose to look at function of brain
outline what ppt had to do immediately aft seeing fixation cross on screen
- indicate their emotional arousal
- by pressing button w/ RIGHT HAND
- had to choose from 1/4 buttons// 4 OPTIONS
- from 0 (not emotionally intense at all) to 3 (extremely emotionally intense)
Sampling technique + strength
Volunteer/self selected
- Volunteers tend to be more motivated SO less likely to drop out of study SO ppt more likely to agree to brain scanning
- informed consent given so no ethical issues around informed consent
outline why females used as ppt
- females more likely to report intense emotional experiences than males SO more likely to be affected by imagery + express true emotion
- females more likely to show more physiological reactivity in relation to VALENCE ratings
describe 2 assumptions of biological approach
- Behaviour, cognitions and emotions can be explained via brain + hormones
explain 1 finding of canli supporting biological approach
- Left amygdala activation related to science being “remembered”
- Left amygdala activation correlated to emotional intensity of memory SO emotional intensity felt abt scene = strength of recall via amygdala activation
describe procedure during brain scanning phase of study
- ppt entered fMRI scanner
- ppt viewed 96 scenes on screen
- viewed through mirror directed at screen
- HEAD movement minimized by using bite-bar
- order of scenes randomized
- each pic shown for 2-3s
- gap of 12-13s in between pics shown
- when fixation cross on screen + told to look at pic for duration on screen AND RATE EMOTIONAL AROUSAL
- done by pressing button + ratings 0 (not emotionally intense at all) to 3 (extremly emotionally intense)
describe 1 result abt emotional intensity of scences + abt percentages of ppt who remebered scences acrosss intensities
EMOTIONAL INTENSITY
- POS ++ correlation between emotional intensity AND arousal as r value was + 0.68
REMBERED SCENES
- scences rated as 3/ higher emotional intensity MORE remebered than those rated w/ 0-2/low emotional intensity ratings
How does Canli support Nature side of nurture vs nature debate?
- study was bat brain function which is biological mechanicsm AND amygdala is part of brain so biological/innate
E.g blood oxygen levels measured which is biological in nature
why is canli from biological approach
- study investigating role of amygdala in memories + biological approach interested in role of brain in our behaviour
weakness of using brain scans in study
- ppl may feel stressed whilst having scan so affected how they rated emotional intensity of pics = REDUCING VALIDITY
conclusion
- activity in LEFT amygdala during encoding could predict subsequent memories
describe psych being investigated
- fMRI non invasive technique measuring brain activity + allows researcher to look at blood flow in brain during processing of info
- amygdala investigated abt link w/ memory + has temporal lobe/part of limbic system
name 2 characteristics used to match foil scenes + previously viewed scenes
- Valence (ratings/negativity)
- Arousal (ratings/emotional arousal/emotional intensity)
how does canli differ to brain studies on male brain repsoding to positive imagery
- ppt in canli ALL female + NOT MALE
- didnt investigate positive imagery as images ranged from negative to neutral
1 real-world application
- Psychologists may want to use the same procedure with people who have memory difficulties
- If a patient doesn’t recall emotionally intense imagery = damaged amygdala
Explain why brain scans are used in the biological approach to
psychology.
- fMRI scans tell us about brain activity
- how it is linked to perceptions or actions
-focus on scan on amygdala in Canli w ppt who actively engaged in rated emotionality to visual scenes = scan activity= memory
Ethics YEs or no
YES:
- Confedentiality followed as we only know ppt right handed females os contaiend no identifiable features of ppt’’
NO:
- protection from psycholgical harm, ppt had to look at negative imagery/scences that could ve distressing = did not leave in same psycholgical state
2 assumptions of bio approach
- B+C+E can be explained via the brain and
hormones = left amydala AA pos cor w/ emotional intensity of scence = strength of recall via amydala activation - Behaviour can be explained via the brain, for example the hippocampus is involved in memory
Validity
- lacks mundane realism = rate pics whilst brain scanning NOT daily task
- low generalisbility = gynocentric/ 10 ppt all female + all right handed
- low eco validiity= lab exp + highly controlled
