Laney Et Al (128) gyno Flashcards
Experiment 1 aim + exp 2 aim
- to investigate if false memories about liking asparagus can be implemented into a person
- replicate 1st experiment to check the reliability of findings.
Method experiment 1
- lab experiment in unnatural setting
-RQ formatted like menus —> eco valid/mimic real life/mundne realism - 5 self report questionnaire
- IM= ppt can only be in 1 condition of IV to not guess aim of experiment
- Tested in groups of 8 —> put into love/control group
IV and DV
IV= false belief abt asparagus aft recieving false feedback
DV= scores to the 5 self report questionnaires
SAMPLE exp1
128 ppts - 99 females + 29 males (gynocentric)
- Volunteer sampling
- UCali undergrads
- 20.8 years old
- randomly put into love group//control group - 63 each
- received course credits for participation
QUESTIONNARES
FHI= ppt had to rate 24 items on scale of 1-8 based on sureness the event occurred (e.g loved asparagus first time tried it 1 if def happened
MBQ=
- ppt had to indicate 3 items of FHI
- contains critical item about asparagus
- 3 answer choices
- Specific memory of the event;
- belief the event happened;
- Positive never occurred;
What were ppt told about purpose of study before it began
- completing series of questionnares to study relationship between food preferences + personality
- NOT to do anything about false memories
Describe what’s meant by false memories
- ppls memories of events can be incorrect
- false details abt real events can be added to person’s memory system
- filling in the gaps + using false info = embedded in ACTUAL info –> new incorrect memory
- ppl can reconstruct memories for events
Outline how one result from this study supports existence of false memories?
- FPQ “believers” reported liking asparagus signifanctly more than control groups
- for love group their scores on FHI increased by 2.6 points compared to 0.2 by control =rated asparagus higher on FHI at follow up
Outline one methodological problem that could arise if children were used as ppts
- questionnares used terminology too difficult to comprehend e.g sautéed asparagus
- aim of study was abt childhood before age 10, not possible if children were used
Outline how this ethical guideline was followed in the study
Debriefing = ppt told aim of studying false memory (aft study)
Informed consent= ppt told they were expected to recall childhood memories
Confidentiality= ppt not named so reader is unaware who was mislead abt their childhood
Right to withdraw: Ppt could leave as they didn’t have to do 1st or 2nd interview
Results exp 1
FHI of both groups compared:
- love group avg response increased by 2.6
- control group responses increased by 0.2
31 ppt excluded from results as they believed they LOVED asparagus + rated 5+ on FHI
Believers
- gave low rating on FHI in w1 on LOVING asparagus
- gave high rating rating on FHI in week 2
- gave positive ‘memory’ or ‘belief’ on MBQ
- believers increased by 4.5 from w1to w2 ( in FHI comapred to non believers
Explain why ppt weren’t told abt that the study was about false memories upon arrival
- demand characteristics (define)
- ppt guessed aim —> socially desirable behavior
- ppt try harder to recall “real” memories than “false” memories
Explain one real world application of the result you described in experimet 1 FHI
- results useful for children who could be seen as fussy eaters = a parent could use same manipulation like ‘you always loved fruit’ to help children change their views on food
- help patients undergoing chemo to eat more food by saying XXXX
State why this ethical guideline was important in this study. 1
- Debriefing: ppt dont leave believing the false memory = distressing
- (Informed) consent: If ppt childhood memories were horrible, = choose not to participate;
- Confidentiality: no identifiable fetaures of ppt published = would not embarrass them as perosnal CM shared
- Right to withdraw: ppt might want to withdraw their data because they felt TRICKED by the false memory;
“false memories for negative experiences can be cretaed during childhood”
- how does laneys results differ
- Laney is positive memories/experiences of trying diff foods when younger + liking them or not
- ppt not children + study examined undergrads looking at their CHILDHOOD MEMS when tested as adults
The RQ measures liklihood of eating certain foods so whats a reason it may nnot measure this accuralty
- what ppl say they will do on q may not reflect their behaviour so even if they said their more liekly to eat asparagus we dk if they will
- 0 to 8 ratings are subjective
describe RQ completed by ppt
- assessed to eat 32 dishes
- critical item of “sauteed aspargus”
- formatted to look like menu
- rate if they would order - rated from 1-8 (8= definitely yes)
outline rating scale used in FHI
- Had to rate each item on scale of 1-8
1= def did NOT happen before age of 10
8= def DID happen before age of 10
conclusion exp 1 vs 2
- possible to implant false memories for positive
childhood experience of loving aspargus - beleivers more likely to rate aspargus as more appetsing + less disgusting
one result from FHI of exp 2
- mean confidence of love group increased MORE than control group
describe procedure for exp 1 when ppt returned for session 2 untill FHI completed
- Given false feedback abt session 1
- told responses had been entered into computer
+ generated food profile of early childhood - Presented as if ‘tailored to them’
4.critical item abt aspargaus was given for love group
5. control had 3 filler q’s
7. all rated how much it affected their adult personality
describe procedure in exp 2 when ppt began viewing slides of food
- rate each pic on 4 scales
- foods presented on slide for 30s
- rated how appetizing/disgusting food looked + artistic quality of photo (amateur,novice, proffesional) on 8 point scale
- completed RQ/FHI for 2nd time
- completed memory or belief questionnaire + DEBRIEFED
outline 1 methodological weakness
- some q’s fixed choices answers so may not represent real answer
- e.g FCQ had 7 choices so not representative of what others may pay
Describe the Food Costs Questionnaire used in this study
- ppt had to indicate how much they were willing to pay;
- For 21 food items in a grocery store;
-critical item of asparagus - circling the price
- 7 priced given options
psych invesitaged
- implanting false memory so belief and recollection of memories of events that never actually occurred
memory + belief
- memory= ability to recall specific events w some detail
- belief= less detailed retrieval of an event
- ‘love’ group better at generating false memory/belief
Method exp 2
- lab exp
- IM
- IV= whether ppt had false belief or not
- DV= response to 4 q’s + slideshow
results exp 2
- FHI on loving asparagus for love group INCREEASED by 2.5 compared to increase of 0.1 in control
- 3o ppt excluded
Andrade + laney
- experimental in nature.
- both studies had manipulated IVs.
- andrade conditions of doodling and non-doodling
- Laney two conditions of love asparagus and a control.
weakness of MBQ
- Memories are subjective experiences
- ppt saying had a specific memory about
asparagus may not be true before the false memory implanted
-reducing validity
Describe one result from MBQ questionnaire in Experiment 1 of this study.
More participants in the Love group reported having a belief of loving asparagus compared to the Control group
