Bandura (72) Flashcards
ETHICAL GUIDLINEs
Confidentiality:
- any data should not be identifiable as ppt single response
- all we know is children from Stanford nursery + gender/age
PROTECTION: Physical
- ppt should leave study in same physical state as entered
- e.g children could’ve injured themselves when playing/hitting w/ bobo doll
PROTECTION: Psychiological
- ppt should leave study in same physical state as entered
- e.g children could’ve left study thinking aggression was good so way of thinking changed
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW”:
- ppt should be able to leave study at any point
- e.g in experimental room, experimenter remained w/ child so they couldn’t room so was broken
Decsribe how children rated on aggressive behaviour in nursery prior to study + disadvantage
- Rated on 4 DIFFERENT scales FOR aggression
All 5 point scales - by experimenter + nursery school teacher
- rated independtly
- a composite score was given to all children
- SCALES = physical aggression/verbal aggression towards inimate objects
- subjective measure by teacher —> incorrect bias abt how aggressive child is = invalid measure
Outline how 2 assumption of learning approach
- conditioning helps explain behaviour IF we reward someone their likely to want to repeat that behaviour
- SLT helps explain behavior so Bandora found that children will observe/imitate aggressive model
How to replicate experimental condition from when child arrives at room until child observes assembling toys
- bring each child individually
- invite model to join in game w child
- take child to play area in corner of room
- demonstrate how child can make pics from potato prints
- initially get experimenter to stay in room so child cannot leave
- make sure corner contain table, chair,mallet , tinker toys and BOBO doll
2 features of sample
- 72 ppt
- 36 male + 36 female
- all selected from Nursery School of stanford university
- ages ranged from 37 months to 69 months
outline one real world application for adults
- as study showed aggression can be observed + imitated , so TV networks may wish to censor conetnt of TV programmes
outline 2 quantitative results abt “imitative aggression”
- boys who witnessed an aggressive male model had highest imitative aggression score of 25.8
-girls scored more highly on verbal aggression than boys
describe psych being investiagted
- ppl pay attention to observe behaviour of role model
- they will retain info in memory + reprpduce baheviour
- if witnessed model gain reward via vicarious reinfirceemnt more likely to repeat
define delayed imitation
\ when someones witnesses behavior at one time point bout only reproduces behavior at diff time point
condition 1,2,3 sample
1= an aggressive model
2= a non-aggressive model
3= no model
What were the independent variables in this study?
the behaviour of the model
sex of the model
sex of the child
What was in stage 1, the first room?
Some toys, a mallet and bobo doll
What happened with the non-aggressive model?
What happened with the aggressive condition?
- ignored the bobo doll and played with toys
- the model acted aggressively with the bobo doll (sitting on it and hitting its head with a mallet)
How was the children’s behaviour observed?
- Imitative, partly imitative + non-imitative aggressive
- recorded for 20 minutes, at 5 second intervals
What happened in stage 3?
- child was taken to another room with aggressive toys (bobo doll, mallet and gun) and non aggressive toys (dolls, plastic animals and crayons)
How were the children aggressively aroused?
Children were allowed to play w toys for 2 minutes
- then told to stop, toys reserved for other children
What happened at stage 2?
- Experimenter came back after 10 minutes
- took the child to another room, where there were a number of attractive toys
What was Bandura’s aim?
to investigate SLT prediction that behaviour learnt in one setting + be imitated in other settings
indvidual explaination of aggression
- ppt in aggressive condition imitated non-aggressive conditions by model
- NONE OF NONAGGRESSIVE GROUP DID THIS
- some ppt personality type caused them to imitate ANY observed behavior
situational explaination of aggression
-ppts more likely to imitate physical/verbal aggression after observing aggressive model vs non-aggressive model
- situation of witnessing aggression increased
motivation + imitation of aggressive acts
identify 1 example of imitative verbal aggression
Hit him down
kick him
Identify one example of ‘imitative non-aggressive verbal response’ said by the participants.
He keeps coming back
He sure is tough fella
State the number of participants used in each of the experimental groups in this study.
6/24
Outline how the participants were allocated to one of the conditions in this study.
- Using the aggression ratings given by the teacher/experimenter.
- Participants assigned at random (to one of the conditions/groups).
