saBa|laBa|saMa|LaMa Flashcards
SABA pharmacology
&
SABA therapy
SABA’s relax bronchial smooth muscle
and stimulate beta 2 adrenoreceptors
symptom relief of asthma
ICS pharmacology
reduce airway inflammation and bronchial hyper activity
goal of ICS therapy
ICS dosage
maintenance treatment of asthma
once daily
Classes of antihypertensive drugs
ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) “pril”
ARBS (angiotensin II receptor blockers) “sartan”
Beta blockers “lol”
calcium channel blockers “dipine”
Diuretics “ide”
SABAs
SABAs
short acting beta 2 agonists (reliever)
1-5 min onset
3-5hrs duration
symptomatic relief
if gets into systemic circulation (used too often), acts as adrenaline, increase HR, etc.
LABA
LABAs
long acting beta-2 agonists
12+hrs action
30-45min onset
long duration of action makes them preventers (no immediate relief)
difference in SABA and LABA chains
SABAs have short chains, rapid onset
LABAs have extended side chain, so more lipophilic, so lodge in membrane of lung tissue, take longer to actually reach site of action.
corticosteroids
asthma preventer (late phase)
block inflammation
indirectly inhibit protein, reduces PLA2 activity, prevents production of all subsequent steps leading to reduced inflammation.
stops arachidonic acid release. (normally released from phospholipid bilayer with inflamation)
two types of asthma relivers
relievers/controllers (bronchodilators) - for early phase
preventers (anti-inflammatory agents) - for late phase
Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs)
& two examples
SABA’s are used for acute relief of asthma symptoms and cause bronchodilation.
β2 agonist bronchodilators bind selectively to β2 receptors in the lungs.
There are two classes of β2 adrenoceptor agonists:
short-acting drugs that act rapidly and provide immediate relief and longer-acting drugs. Increasing use of SABAs, especially daily use, indicates worsening asthma control requiring a review. It is not appropriate to use SABAs without also using an inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
Inhaled salbutamol or terbutaline
what is
Long-acting beta2 agonists (LABAs)
and how does it work
?
and what are the drug names
is an option for adults with inadequate response to maintenance low-dose ICS. In adults, addition of a LABA reduces the rate of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids and the use of relievers. A LABA for asthma, must always be uses in combination with an ICS. Use of LABA without an ICS has been associated with increased risk of serious asthma exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Fixed-dose combination inhalers are available and recommended. A rapid-acting LABA (formoterol) in a combination inhaler with budesonide or beclometasone can be used for acute relief of asthma symptoms as well as for maintenance.
Formoterol or salmeterol,( + ics)
what info can u list about
SABA’s (-ol, -ine)
Indication and use:
- Acute relief of asthma symptoms (emergency)
Mechanism of action:
- Bind selectively to beta2 receptors in the lungs to cause bronchodilation
Examples:
- Salbutamol
- Terbutaline
Adverse effects (if used frequently, at high doses)
- Tremors
- Palpitations
SAMA
SAMA
Short acting muscarinic antagonist
Indication:
COPD
Mechanism of action:
Blocks muscarinic receptors to prevent attachment of acetylcholine to stop bronchoconstriction
Examples:
- Ipratropium
Adverse effects:
- Dry mouth
- Throat irritation
Lasts
- ~6-8hrs
COPD Medications
Stepwise management:
1. SABA or SAMA
2. LABA or LAMA
3. ICS (consider ICS/LAMA/LABA treatment)
Asthma medications
- Short acting beta2 agonists (SABA)
- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
- Long acting beta2 agonists (LABA)
