BETA BLOCKERS

Question 1

name two selective and non selective B-blockers

& what is the difference

Answer 1

Selective beta-1 blockers are a subclass of beta-blockers that are commonly used to treat high blood pressure.

selective β-blockers begin with a letter from A-M, and non selctive are from n -z. (olol - selective) olol/lol - not selective.

Question 2

mechanism of action beta blockers

Answer 2

Beta blockers, also called beta adrenergic blocking agents, block the release of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline in certain parts of the body

Question 3

Beta blockers (-lol)

Answer 3

Indication:
- Hypertension
- Coronary heart disease
- Tachycardia
- Arrythmias
- Angina
- Heart failure
- MI
Mechanism of action
- Competitively block beta receptors in the body.

Cardio-selective B blockers:
- Focus on blocking B1 receptors located in the heart, GIT, kidneys
- Atenolol, metoprolol, nebivolol, bisoprolol
- Okay in asthma and COPD, just monitor

Non-selective beta-blockers:
- Block both B1 and B2 receptors (lungs)
- Contrainidicated in asthma and COPD due to bronchospasm risk
- Propranolol
Non-selective beta-blockers (+ alpha 1 blockage):
- Labetalol (HTN tx in pregnancy), carvedilol
- Associated with more vasodilation

Water soluble:
- Atenolol, bisoprolol (partial)

Lipid soluble:
- Cross BBB -> nightmares
- Metoprolol, carvedilol, propranolol, nebivolol
-
Adverse effects:
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Worsening of HF
- Dizziness

Precautions:
- Bradycardia
- Can mask signs of hypoglycaemia (caution in diabetics)
- Asthma and COPD
- Can worsen peripheral vascu

Question 4

Beta Blockers (beta receptor antagonist)

Answer 4

bind to beta receptors and block the recptor
(beta 1 and beta 2 - are loacted)

Beta 1 - located in the heart
Beta 2 - most are in the lungs

(Vasoconstriction side effects}

(general non specific beta blockers)
(specific beta blockers)

Olol (ending)
CARDIAC specific/ selective drugs = OLOL
Non specific beta drugs(END IN) = LOL

Question 5

BETA BLOKERS

Answer 5

ndications: Beta blockers are prescribed for various conditions, including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and in some cases, for anxiety and migraines.

Mechanism of Action: They work by binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. By doing so, they reduce the heart’s workload, lower blood pressure, and help regulate heart rhythm.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, slow heart rate, and cold hands or feet. It’s important for patients to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.

Question 6

types of BB

Answer 6

Types of Beta Blockers: There are different types of beta blockers, including non-selective beta blockers (which affect both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors)

and

selective beta blockers (which primarily affect beta-1 receptors). Selective beta blockers are generally preferred for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to their reduced effect on the airways.

Question 7

BB adverse effects

Answer 7

Adverse Effects: Common side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, slow heart rate, and cold hands or feet. It’s important for patients to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.