MED SAFETY& THEORY info Flashcards
- what are some inherent weaknesses
- what are some safeguards
- what are some inherent weaknesses
distraction, human error and look alike sound alike medications - what are some safeguards
IV Safety software, policies and health practitioner training
7 rights
What are the 7 rights of medication administration?
patient, time, drug, dose, documentation, route, reason/refusal
medication pathway in prescribing, name the various stages
how many factors involved in prescribing medication
5. evaluate patient. establish need for medication. select medication. individualise medication. prescribe medication
What does APINCHS stand for
high risk medications and systems:
A - Antimicrobials
P - Potassium
I - Insulin
N - Narcotics
C - Chemotherapy
H - Heparin and anticoagulants
S - Systems
defined pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of what the drug does to the body
What is pharmacokinetics?
what the body does to the drug
(ADME)
describe absorption
the way in which a drug is absorbed from pharmaceutical formulation into the bloodstream
what influences absorption
route of administration, nausea, vomiting, food, other medications and stomach acidity
describe distribution
and what influences it
how the drug is distributed to its target
perfusion of body tissue and whether a drug is hydrophilic or lipophilic
describe metabolism
describe first metabolism
describe metabolism:
it is a protective mechanism that excretes toxins from the body. liver is the main organ involved. uses enzymes (CYP) and converts fat soluble drugs to water soluble
describe first metabolism:
drug enters portal circulation to the liver before systemic circulation and results in reduced bioavailability
describe excretion
removal of a drug from the body, either metabolite or unchanged drug. kidney and liver are main organs involved. kidney climates water soluble drugs
what is therapeutic drug monitoring TDM
and principles of TDM
drugs suitable for TDM
**what is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
The testing of drug levels in the bloodstream at specific intervals.
principles of TDM
dosage, dosing interval, patient characteristics, sample type and timing of sample collection
drugs suitable for TDM
antimicrobials, anti epileptic agents, cardiovascular agents, anticoags, psychotic agents and respiratory agents
what is a clinical trial &
explain the two types of clinical trials
research studies that test a medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention in people
explain the two types of clinical trials
randomised controlled studyis a scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. A case controlled study is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared.
explain phase 1-4 of a clinical trial
phase 1 of a CT
test new biomedical intervention for the first time in a small group to evaluate safety
phase 2 of a CT
study the intervention in a larger group of people to determine efficiency and further evaluate safety
phase 3 of a CT
study the efficacy in larger groups by comparing the intervention to other interventions/studies. Monitor adverse effects and collect information
phase 4 of a CT
after the intervention has been marketed. Monitor the effectiveness in the general population and monitor adverse effects over longer periods of time. Monitor potential use of intervention for other diseases/conditions
what BP is considered hypertensive
140/90 upwards
ADME: Absorption (what effects it)
- the movement of the drug from the administrative site into the blood
- Food, Some medication, Acidity of the stomach, A Patient w nausea and vomiting, Route of administration
