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Next Gen Final Exam > SA Postpartum Disorders > Flashcards

SA Postpartum Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Canine PP Vulvar discharge:

A

Immediately green->reddish brown->brown
Watery-mucoid-> mucoid
No odor
Decreases over time (until 3-4 wk pp)
Vaginal cytology- some neutrophils, RBCs, & bacti normal

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2
Q

Normal SA mammary glands postpartum

A

Engorged but not hard/swollen/painful/red
Colostrum (yellow/white)-> mature milk (white)
Peak lactation at 2-4wk pp

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3
Q

Normal feline vulvar discharge postpartum?

A

Scant, visible only up to 4 days
reddish, mucoid
no odor
VC: RBCs and <20% neutrophil granulocytes normal

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4
Q

Clinical signs of retained placenta?

A

persistence of green vulvar discharge, restlessness, no systemic illness

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5
Q

Tx of retained placenta: (bitch)

A

Spontaneous breakdown & passage
-Close monitoring for metritis
-Let puppies nurse (Oxytocin)
Can give oxytocin but only effective up to 1-2 days pp
NO prophy abx

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6
Q

Risk factors for SA Acute metritis:

A

Retained placenta/fetus, dystocia, prolonged labor, poor hygiene, concurrent mastitis

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7
Q

SA Acute metritis:

A

Uterine infection with inflammation of the endometrium & myometrium
Within first 2 wks pp

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8
Q

Clinical signs of SA Acute metritis:

A

malodorous, red-brown or purulent vulvar discharge
Systemic signs
Decreased lactation, poor mothering

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9
Q

Vaginal cytology associated with SA acute metritis:

A

high numbers of degenerate neutrophils & bacti
Non-cornified vaginal epi cells

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10
Q

Treatment of SA Acute metritis:

A

Medical- PFG2a (but concerned)
OHE
Abx

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11
Q

Common signalment of SIPS:

A

Usually young (<3) primiparous bitches

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12
Q

Clinical signs of SIPS:

A

Persistent serosanguinous vulvar discharge up to 8-16wks pp

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13
Q

SIPS pathophysiology:

A

Tropoblast like cells keep invading deeper endometrium and myometrium-> damage to BV-> hemorrhage

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14
Q

SIPS Tx:

A

Spontaneous remission

OHE if severe hemorrhage, perforation

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15
Q

Signalment of SA uterine prolapse:

A

Queen»» Bitch
<48hr pp
Usually associated with dystocia

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16
Q

Tx of SA Uterine prolapse:

A

Stabilization, control of hemorrhage
Cleaning- cold hyperosmotic solution, lubrication
Manual reduction or Amputation & OHE
Abx/Supportive care

17
Q

Galactostasis:

A

Accumulation of milk in the mammary glands without infection

18
Q

Risk factors for SA Galactostasis:

A

heavy lactation
teat conformation
lack of adequate suckling

19
Q

Clinical signs of galactostasis:

A

swollen, edematous, firm, painful mammary glands
milk is normal, no systemic illness
dam is more comfortable & swelling goes down after nursing

20
Q

Tx of SA Galactostasis:

A

Ensure pups nurse, strip milk if necessary
Alternate warm & cool compresses

21
Q

SA Acute Mastitis Etiologies:

A

Ascending- lesions from nursing pups, hygiene, contamination with vaginal secretions
Hematogenous
Can be any time in lactation
Normal bacti culprits
Bitch >Queen

22
Q

Risk factors for SA acute mastitis:

A

Heavy lactation, abrupt weaning, teat conformation, teat/skin trauma

23
Q

Tx of SA acute mastitis:

A

Abx based on milk C/S
NSAIDs
Cooling and stripping of affected glands
Prolactin inhibitor if weaning
Supportive care

Draining & Debridement of abscessed/necrotic glands

24
Q

Agalactia/Hypogalactia:

A

absent or insufficient milk production to meet neonatal demands

25
Q

Primary SA Agalactia/Hypogalactia:

A

Rare
Anatomical abnormalities or lack of response to stimuli
No tx

26
Q

Secondary SA Agalactia/Hypogalactia:

A

as a result of mastitis, metritis, systemic illness, hypocalcemia, stress, premature deliver, inadequate nutrition

27
Q

Tx for Secondary SA Agalactia/Hypogalactia:

A

Tx underlying cause
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists (Metoclopramide or Domperidone)
+/- Oxytocin

Supplement Puppies in the meantime (and serum if necessary)

28
Q

SA Hypocalcemia:

A

Within first 4 wks pp
Small breeds or large litters Blood ionized calcium ≤0.8-1.00 mmol/L

29
Q

Causes of SA PP Hypocalcemia:

A

Ca supplementation during pregnancy-> suppression of PTH
Inadequate nutrition

30
Q

Clin Signs of SA PP Hypocalcemia:

A

Loss of interest in pups, panting, restlessness, facial pruritis, salivation, hyperthermia (>105), msucle twitching, tremmors

May see anorexia, excitability, and flaccid paralysis in cats

31
Q

Tx of SA PP Hypocalcemia:

A

Wean babies for minimum 12-24 hr
Emergency tx with IV 10% Ca-Gluconate & ECG monitoring

Short term tx with SQ 0% Ca-Gluconate, once stable until PO is option

Long term PO Ca tablets through lactation
Regular rechecks
Correct dam’s nutrition

32
Q

Common causes of SA Poor mothering:

A

Anesthetic drugs
pain associated with CS
Primiparous dam
anxiety/agitation
unfamiliar environment
strong human bond
Medical conditions
Genetic predispositions

Next Gen Final Exam (16 decks)

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