Review: SA Diseases Flashcards
Pathophysiology of CEH
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia
Chronic/Repeated progesterone exposure (normal cycle or exogenous)
Uterine glands increase in # and Size, increased secretion, cystic dilation +/- luminal fluid accumulation
Irreversible
Incidence of CEH in dogs:
2/3 of all female dogs > 9y with normal estrus cycles will have CEH
Inc risk with exogenous progestagen
Consequences of CEH:
Often an incidental finding on ultrasound
Infertility/Subfertility, Decreased Litter Size
Hydrometra, Mucometra, Endometritis, Pyometra
Tx of CEH:
OHE
Pyometra:
Suppurative bacterial infection of the uterus with accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the uterine lumen
When does Pyo commonly develop due to CEH? Independent of CEH?
Young dogs- independent of CEH
Older dogs- occurs together
Pathophysiology of pyometra:
Due to progesterone influence (1-3 mo after heat, in diestrus)
During proestrus & estrus, cervix is open
During Diestrus, progesterone decreases uterine defense mechanisms
When can vaginal cytology be used to diagnose pyometra:
OPEN pyos
Does not confirm alone, must also demonstrate fluid accumulation in uterus
Surgical Treatment of Pyo:
OHE
Abx- Clavamox, enro, or combo
Supportive care- fluids, antiemetics, analgesia
When is medical treatment considered okay for pyos:
Young breeding bitches
In good general condition
NO other uterine or ovarian pathologies
No repro cycle abnormalities
OPEN pyo
Specific cases with high anesthetic risks
Medical management of pyometra:
PGF2a (dinoprost or clorprostenol)- uterine contractions, luteolysis, cervical opening
Algepristone- cevical opening, decreases progesterone’s effect on the uterine musculature
Prolactin inhibitors (cabergoline)- Luteolysis
Consequences of a non-treated pyometra:
Sepsis, uterine rupture, death
Puppy Vaginitis:
Mucopurulent vulvar discharge, spontaneous resolution after 1-2 heats
DO NOT SPAY until resolved
Differentials for Primary vaginitis in intact bitches:
canine herpesvirus, brucella canis, opportunistic normal flora
Differentials for secondary vaginitis in intact bitches:
Anatomical abnormalities, vaginal neoplasia/FB/Trauma, UTI, Concurrent uterine dz, Endocrine disposition
Adult onset vaginitis in spayed bitches:
Secondary to vaginal atrophy following spay due to lack of estrogen influence, usually chronic
Tx- incurin (estradiol) +/- abx, probiotics
Risk factors for perivulvar dermatitis in dogs:
Spayed, (usually prepubertal spays)
Recessed vulva, skin folds, obesity, vaginitis, UTI, incontinence
Other diseases of the canine vagina
Vaginal hyperplasia & prolapse
Vaginal tumors (mostly benign & hormone dependent)
Benign prostate hyperplasia pathophysiology
Increasing age-> decreasing testosterone-> inc relative estrogen-> upregulates prostate androgen receptors
5a reductase converts T to DHT
DHT-> prostate=> BHP
Clinical signs and exam findings of BHP:
bloody/sanguinous preputial discharge, hematuria, stranguria, dysuria, bad poopies, Hematospermia, blood in 3rd fraction
Enlarged, symmetric, smooth, non-painful prostate on rectal palp
Two treatment options for BHP
Castration (50% decrease in 3wks)
Finasteride (50+% decreased in 8-12 wks)
Cause of Prostatitis, and what are the potential presentations:
Sequella of BHP
Acute (w/systemic signs), Chronic, Prostate Abscess (complication)
Prostatitis palpation findings:
Painful if acute
Enlarged, firm, symmetric (unless abscess)
Prostate neoplasia
Presents like Prostatitis/BHP but also weightloss, weakness,
Terrible prognosis, sx isnt worth it
Androgen-independent
Squamous metaplasia of the prostate
Due to estrogen influence (E2 secreting tumor or exogenous estrogen)
If cryptorchidism is unilateral in small animals which side is it usually
Right
What does cryptorchid predispose?
neoplasia, torsion
Testicular tumor types:
Sertoli cell
Leydig cell
Seminoma
Testicular tumor symptoms:
Signs of hyperestrogenemia
What is always a r/o for orchitis/epididymitis?
B. canis
Causes of balanoposthitis in dogs:
Normal floras
Canine Herpes Virus
Atopic Dermatitis, Foreign body
Prepartum deworming in the dog:
Fenbendazole at day 41-43 (T. canis & A. caninum)
Infectious causes of resorption/abortion in Small animals:
E. coli, staphs, streps, Campy jejuni, Salmonella, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, B. canis
CHV-1, parvos, distemper, FIV, FeLv, FIP, Feline calicivirus
Toxo
Non-infectious causes of SA abortion/absorption
CEH, hypoleuteoidism, endocrine disorders, drugs, toxins, nutrition, trauma
SA Uterine Torsion:
Uncommon
Hem. Vulvar Discharge, Acute abdomen, Asymptomatic until dystocia
OHE
Medical tx of early mismating:
<21 days
Algepristone 7-14 days after mating
Algepristone & friends for 22-40 days
> 40 - carry to term to OHE
Feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia:
Benign fibroglandular proliferation
Young intact cats- pregnant or pseudopregnant
Spay or allow cat to have kittens
Medical tx will cause abortion if preg (PGF2a & Algepristone)
