Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Next Gen Final Exam > Milk Production & Mastitis (3) > Flashcards

Milk Production & Mastitis (3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first defense of the mammary gland?

A

Teat canal- provides keratin & sphincter muscle as barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Teat end scoring:

A

N- no ring
S- smooth/slightly rough ring
R- rough ring
VR- very rough ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Second defense of the mammary gland:

A

Milk Leukocytes (Somatic cells)
60% Macrophages
30% lymphocytes
10% PMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Issues with pendulous udders:

A

Teat/Udder Trauma
So much more likely to get mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management goals with Teat end scores:

A

> 20% total in rough & very rough
10% in very rough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Predominant immune cell type in the udder:

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What immune cell type predominates in EARLY inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“Other” Mammary gland defenses:

A

Secretory antibodies
Lactoferrin
Lactoperoxidase
Removal of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Action of lactoferrin:

A

binds iron (protective against gram - bacteria)
Antibacterial/Antoviral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is Lactoferrin highest and lowest?

A

Highest during inflammation & involution
Decreases when udder fills with colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is SCC increased?

A

during an immune response to mastitis-causing pathogens (likely bacti)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes up SCC?

A

White blood cells and some epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cutoff SCC that indicated inflammation is present?

A

> 150,000-200,000
High likelihood of infection in at least one quarter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two times in lactation where SCC is ‘naturally’ high?

A

Colostrum & towards the end of lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the NUMBER 1 step for preventing mastitis

A

Hygeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of forestripping?

A

-Check for mastitis
-Stimulate appropriate milk let down
-“Flushes” bacteria & removes worst quality milk
*Decreases new infections by 12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Predip requirements:

A

Must be approved
Minimum contact time of 30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the best we can do in reducing bacteria if everything is correct?

A

Reduction by 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Teat end cleanliness scoring:

A

1-4
No manure
Dip present
Dip & Dirt
Large dirt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lag time?

A

Time from first stimulation of the udder to when the unit is placed on the cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two components of making sure milk let down is good?

A

Well stimulated teat
Proper lag time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the proper lag time?

A

90 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Typical milking time if prep is good:

A

4-6 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Purpose of post-milking teat dip:

A

-Destroy pathogens
-prevent teat canal colonization
-eliminate existing teat canal infections
-promote conditioning of teat skin & help heal leisons
-prevent development of new lesions
-Provide bacteriostatic/cidal residue between milkings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cow hygiene scores are based on what two areas?
Udder & leg
26
Cow Hygiene scores
1- Free of dirt 2- slightly dirty 3- moderately covered in dirt 4- covered in caked on dirt
27
What milk hygiene scores are considered "high risk"?
3 & 4
28
What is the illegal SCC?
>750,000
29
What is mastitis?
Inflammation of the milk-secreting tissues of the udder, typically due to a bacterial infection
30
What percentage of cows have a case of clinical mastitis in a single lactation?
32%
31
Clinical mastitis:
Milk is abnormal Can have signs of udder inflammation
32
Milk abnormalities associated with clinical mastitis:
Flecks, clots, off color, bloody
33
When are new intramammary infections higher in the lactation cycle?
early dry period and around calving
34
Abnormalities with Subclinical Mastitis:
NO changes with milk or udder appearance Reduced milk production Increased SCC
35
Clinical Mastitis Classifications
Mild- abnormal milk only Moderate- Udder inflammation Severe- Fever/Anorexia/Shock
36
Pathogen based classification of mastitis:
Contagious- transmitted during milking Environmental- transmitted in environment *Some can be both
37
Common contagious mastitis pathogens:
Staph aureus, Strep agalactiae, Mycoplasma, Corynebacterium bovis, Strep uberis, Prototheca
38
Symptoms associated with systemic mastitis:
Off feed, dec. rumen motility, diarrhea, dehydration, fever, severe drop in milk production, *possible loss of quarter or cow
39
How do you treat local mastitis?
Intramammary antibiotics
40
Characteristics of gangrenous mastitis:
Peracute/severe Cold Line of demarcation Serosanguinous secretion +/- SQ Emphasema VERY systemically ill Terrible prognosis Udder will slough
41
Bacterial agents commonly associated with gangrenous mastitis in cattle:
Staph aureus C. perfringens
42
Bacterial agents commonly associated with gangrenous mastitis in small ruminants:
Staph aureus Mannheimia haemolytica often spread from the mouth of the neonate
43
Gangrenous Mastitis in Small ruminants
"Blue Bag"
44
Most common type of systemic mastitis in dairy cattle:
Coliform Mastitis
45
Common Coliform Mastitis Pathogens
E. coli Klebsiella
46
Systemic mastitis tx:
IV (Hypertonic Saline 4-5ml/kg) & Oral Fluids Anti-inflammatories Abx Intrammammary hypertonic saline B Vitamins
47
Methods of diagnosing subclinical mastitis:
DHI Individual cow SCC CMT Automated electronic SCC counters Electrical conductivity
48
Staph aureus as a mastitis pathogen:
Often a herd problem Chronic & Subclinical cases predominates HARD to tx, difficult to eliminate Abx resistance common ID cows &/or cull
49
Streptococcus agalactia as a mastitis pathogen:
Obligate udder parasite Localizes in ducts, responds well to tx Lg # of organisms and SCC shed Dry cow therapy should eliminate
50
Mycoplasma as a mastitis pathogen:
Can infect udder via general circulation; will see in calves commonly (inner ear inf, pneumonia, arthritis) No cell wall- IMA tx ineffective Increases SCCs, often chronic & cubclinical ID & Cull
51
Corynebacterium bovis as a mastitis pathogen:
Minor Lives in streak canal Increased prevalence when teat dipping is inadequate Inc SCC
52
When is CMT scoring helpful?
Subclinical mastitis
53
Environmental Mastitis Pathogens
Strep non-ag (uberis, dysgalactiae, bovis) Pseudomonas Prototheca Yeasts
54
Streptococcus (non-ag) as a mastitis pathogen
Shed in feces Typically local-clinical (Clots & Flakes) Moderate swelling High SCC
55
Predisposing factors for yeast as a mastitis pathogen:
Excessive/Blanket Abx therapy
56
Other mastitis pathogens:
Coagulase negative staph (typically subclinical) Trueperella pyogenes
57
Summer mastitis:
Truperella pyogenes Seen in prepartum heifers & dry cows Spread by horn flies, associated with damaged teats Odorous thick 'sawdust' secretions Poor response to tx Abscesses- amputate teat (dead quarter)
58
Canine mammary secretions (normal v abnormal)
Normal: yellow-white in first 24 hrs pp & bloody during gland involution or pseudocyesis Abnormal: Red, green, brown
59
Bacterial agents of Dog mastitis:
E. coli, Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Pasteurella, Clostridium Brusing and abscessation may result in gangrenous
60
Causes of Dog mastitis:
Trauma or some reason of not being milked out properly (death of pups, early/sudden weaning) Pseudopregnancies or Septicemia too
61
Most common place of canine mastitis:
Caudal glands
62
Dog mastitis clinical signs:
Pups not gaining as expected Dam aversion to nursing Swelling, inflammation, abscessation/ulceration Abnormal milk
63
Canine Mastitis Tx:
Tx systemic signs Abx- clavamox, cephalosporins Pain meds- carprofen/meloxicam Let puppies still nurse Stripping out Compresses! Cold cabbage leaves
64
Cat mastitis:
Pretty rare Tx systemic signs (if any) Galactostasis possible Cabbage leaves
65
Causes of Sow mastitis
Trauma Coliforms Abscesses- staphs & streps
66
Sow mastitis clinical signs:
Fever/anorexia, swollen firm glands, painful, piglets not growing appropriately.
67
Swine Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome:
Occurs within first 3 days of farrowing Risk factors often associated with production management Associated with fat sow syndrome, prolonged farrowings, large litter size Mastitis, Metritis, Agalactia
68
Mare mastitis clin signs:
Majority are systemically ill Stiff gait, stand with back legs apart Increased TPR Anorexia/Depression Agalactia Reluctant to move
69
Common mare mastitis pathogens
Strep zoo most common Staph, Coliforms, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella
70
Tx for mare mastitis:
Intramammary & systemic antibiotics Leave foal on if possible (supplementation may be needed) TMS (BID) or Penicillin & Gentamicin minimum 5 days

Next Gen Final Exam (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions