LA Postpartum Disorders

Question 1

First postpartum ovulation post-partum in cows:

Answer 1

3-4 wks

Question 2

When is uterine involution complete in the cow pp?

Answer 2

45 days pp

Question 3

What is the general voluntary waiting period for cows (dairy)?

Answer 3

60 days

Question 4

When does estrus restart pp in sows?

Answer 4

4-7d post weaning

Question 5

Factors that can affect postpartum anestrus in cows:

Answer 5

Phsyiological (suckling, parity, milk yield, genetics), Nutrition/Management, environmental, physiological

Question 6

Intervention for postpartum anestrus in cows:

Answer 6

Correct underlying cause
Progesterone-based synch protocols usually helpful

Question 7

What is necessary for breakdown of placentomes postpartum?

Answer 7

Collagenolysis

Question 8

Predisposing factors for retained placenta:

Answer 8

Twinning, Dystocia, Induced parturition, abortion, VitE & Selenium deficiency, infection

Question 9

Treatment for retained placenta in cows:

Answer 9

If cow is normal, no tx required
~takes 5-7 days
~Can give Ca, oxytocin, PGF2a
If cow is SICK- metritis
~Systemic Abx
~Antipyretics, NSAIDs
~+/- Uterine Lavage

Question 10

When does metritis happen in cattle postpartum?

Answer 10

occurs within 2 weeks of calving

Question 11

Clinical signs of bovine metritis:

Answer 11

fetid, watery, brown uterine discharge
Uterus large & fluid filled on palpation
Febrile, +/- down, +/- down in milk etc

Question 12

Most common category of pathogens that cause metritis in cattle:

Answer 12

Predominantly anaerobic
*Trueperella pyogenes

Question 13

Tx of metritis: (cows)

Answer 13

NSAIDs
Uterine Lavage
IV Fluids
Oxytocin (best if w/in 24 hr of calving)

Question 14

Endometritis in cattle:

Answer 14

Inflammation limited to the endometrium (less likely to be systemically ill)
Usually <21 days pp; subclinical dz can persist longer

Question 15

Tx for Endometritis: (cow)

Answer 15

Systemic ceftiofur or ampicillin
Prostaglandin if CL still present

Question 16

Subclinical metritis:

Answer 16

No purulent material
Confirmed with endometrial cytology or biopsy
Count neutrophils

Question 17

Pyometra in cattle:

Answer 17

Accumulation of pus in the uterus due to a persistent CL and closed cervix

Question 18

Tx for pyometra in cattle:

Answer 18

PGF2a, repeat in 14 days

Question 19

Typical risk factor for uterine prolapse:

Answer 19

hypocalcemia

Question 20

Tx for Uterine Prolapse:

Answer 20

Cd Epidural
Clean, Lift, Replace
+/- Retention Sutures
Abx, NSAIDs, Ca, Oxytocin

Question 21

Calving paralysis:

Answer 21

Obturator nerve paralysis
Tx- steroids, frequent lifting, time

Question 22

Milk Fever:

Answer 22

Hypocalcemia, within 48 hr of calving
Tx with IV and oral ca, will get up immediately with tx
Progressive muscular weakness to recumbency, rapid pulse, etc

Question 23

Ketosis in cattle:

Answer 23

associated with high milk production (first 21d pp)
Drop in milk & feed intake, can become recumbent
Riskfactor for DA
Tx- Oral propylene glycol, IV Hypertonic saline +/- dext
oral electrolytes VitB12

Question 24

4 Major causes of recumbency post partum in cattle:

Answer 24

Milk Fever
Ketosis
Calving Paralysis
Toxic Metritis or Mastitis

Question 25

Postpartum Notes for Small Ruminants:

Answer 25

Increased risk for tears with dystocia
Uterine prolapses not uncommon
Milk Fever & Ketosis are usually prepartum

Question 26

MMA Complex:

Answer 26

Mastitis, Metritis, and Agalactia
Agalactia usually follows Mastitis & Metritis
Systemic abx for MM
Oxytocin for A