Review: Germs Flashcards
Causes of viral abortion in cats:
Panleukopenia, FHV-1, FIV, FLV, FIPV
What do you see with in utero infection of feline panleukopenia?
SMEDI-like
OR
Born with defects- cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrocephalous, optic n. atrophy, retinopathy, Thymic atrophy
What do you see with in-utero infection of FHV-1
Placental infacts & thrombosis
Viral causes of abortion in cattle?
BHV-1, BVDV, Bluetonge, Schmallenberg Virus (Europe), Akabane (Aus), Cache Valley Virus
Transmission and replication of BVDV
Oronasal transmission, replication in mucosa & palatine tonsil
Effects of BVDV based on time of infecion:
<99d: abortions, absorptions, mummy, stillbirths
90-200d: Prevented or Altered hair growth
133-162d: cerebellar hypoplasia & congenital defects
25-150d: PI animal
150-175: fetal antibodies :)
How is Schmallenberg virus transmitted?
By cuillicoides
Cattle are susceptible in days 70-150
Presentation of Schmallenberg Virus:
Dams have diarrhea, fever and drop in milk during the summer
In the winter, see calves born stillbirth and/or with congenital abnormalities (Scoliosis, CH, Arthrogryposis, hydrocephaly)
Viral causes of abortion in camelids:
BVDV, EHV 1&4, Blueongue
Viral causes of abortions in mares:
EHV 1&4, Equinw viral arteritis
When do abortions usually occur for equine viral arteritis?
6-29 days post clinical infection
Clinical signs of Equine Viral Arteritis:
Mares: systemic nasal discharge, limb and mammary edema
Stallions: sheath & scrotal edema
Fetal lesions: arteritis in heart & placenta
Pathogenesis of equine viral arteritis:
into macrophages-> cytoplasmic replication-> Local LN-> systemic spread-> viremia-> arteritis
Difference between EHV-1 and 4 in regards to abortion:
1- Single or epizootic abortion, stillbirths & neonatal death <3d
4- sporadic abortion
What do you see in EHV abortions?
SQ edema, icterus, MF hepatic necrosis, nuclear inclusion bodies
Placental edema
Viral causes of abortions in small ruminants:
Border Dz
Bluetongue
Cache Valley Virus
BVDV
Caprine Herpes Virus
When do you see BVDV abortions in small ruminants:
goats housed with cattle
Possible outcomes of Border Disease infection during gestation:
Abortion can occur at any stage,
Early embryonic death
Abortion & Stillbirth
Congenital malformations
Small, weak, immunosuppressed lambs (hairy)
Infection >85d- Normal lambs with antibodies
Bluetongue virus spread:
Not contagious, cuillicoides, arthropod orbivirus,
Sheep & deer affected the worst
Pathogenesis of Bluetongue:
infects vascular endothelial cells-> edema & hemorrhage
Lesions of bluetongue:
Adult- cyanosis of the tongue &inflammation of the coronary band
Fetus- mummiification, still birth, abortion, congenital brain malformations
Results of Cache Valley Virus infection:
Stillborn lambs with multiple congenital abnormalities
<32d: early embryonic death
32-37d: musculoskeltal & cerebellar malformations
37-48d: musculoskeletal malformations
Lesions Hydrocephaly, hydrancephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, arthrogryposis, scoliosis, hypoplasia of skeletal muscles
Timeline of SMEDI in pigs:
Stillborn & mummies: before day 70
Early embryonic death & infertility: infected embryos
Inf. >70d: alive & healthy
Viral causes of SMEDI in pigs:
PRRSV, Porcine Parvo, Porcine Enterovirus
PRRSV Pathogenesis:
Highest mutation rate (vax limited)
replicates in macrophages-> lungs causing URI/Pneumonia-> crosses placenta & causes late term abortions
Virus usually in fetal thymus, need to sample multiple piglets, not all are infected
PRRSV Abortion presentation
Late term abortions
+/- umbilical hemorrhage
Porcine Parvovirus pathogenesis:
Sows are immune if endemic, problem is with naive gilts
Targets mitotically active cells, crosses placenta 10-14 days post inf
Not all feti are infected at the same time (see multiple presentations of SMEDI)
What viral cause of abortion in sows is NOT commonly associated with SMEDI:
PHV-1 (Aujesky’s)
PHV-1 Abortions:
May see ‘SMEDI’ but all deaths happen at the same time
Typically no lesions, if any- multifocal hepatic necrosis & standard herpes lesions
Lesser common causes of viral abortions in sows:
CSF, Porcine circovirus, Japenese encephalitis virus
Viral causes of abortions in dogs:
CHV-1
Canine Parvovirus
Canine Distemper & Adenovirus (due to stress on bitch)
Canine Herpes Virus 1 pathogenesis:
Replication best below body temp
Abortion rare but HIGH neonatal death
6wk rule!!
dam develops immunity
CHV-1 lesions:
MF Necrosis in multiple organs, Kidney hemorrhages, intranuclear inclusions