Review: Breeding Management

Question 1

Rectal palp findings for a mare in diestrus:

Answer 1

Uterine tone- firm
Cervical tone- firm
Ovarian structures- varied (cannot detect CL)

Question 2

Rectal palp findings for a mare in estrus:

Answer 2

Uterine tone- moderate
Cervical tone- relaxed/soft
Ovary- follicles, one will be larger near the end of estrus

Question 3

Cervical appearance on speculum exam during various parts of a mares estrous cycle:

Answer 3

Central & toned- diestrus
Relaxed & on the floor- estrus
Squeezed like a fist in the center- pregnant

Question 4

What can a uterine biopsy check for?

Answer 4

Uterine inflammation

Question 5

Diestral findings on exam in mare:

Answer 5

CL & Follicles
Firm uterus, slight to absent edema
Firm cervix

Question 6

Estral findings on exam in the mare:

Answer 6

Follicles, witha dominant follicle
Moderate uterine tone, moderate to marked edema
soft cervical tone

Question 7

Timing to maximize fertility with fresh/cool semen (mares):

Answer 7

1-2d prior to expected ovulation

Question 8

Timing to maximize fertility with frozen semen (mares):

Answer 8

12 hrs prior to ovulation or 6 hrs post

Question 9

Medication to induce ovulation in mares:

Answer 9

hCG
Deslorelin

Question 10

Calving interval goal in dairy cattle:

Answer 10

13 mo

Question 11

Methods of teaser males:

Answer 11

Harness (rams & bucks)
Vasectomized/Epididectomized
Penile Translocation (Gomer bull)

Question 12

Heat detection rate:

Answer 12

Number of cows bred/number of cows eligible over 21 days

Question 13

Conception Rate:

Answer 13

Number of cows that conceive/number bred at time of pregnancy check

Question 14

Pregnancy Rate:

Answer 14

HDRxCR

Question 15

AM-PM Rule:

Answer 15

For RUMINANTS
Estrus in AM, AI in PM
Estrus in PM, Ai in AM

Question 16

Prostaglandin drug options:

Answer 16

Lutalyse (dinoprost)
Estrumate (clorprostenol)

Question 17

Prostaglandin use in cattle repro management:

Answer 17

Lyse the CL- “short cycle”
Use between days 5-17 of the cycle
Estrus 2-5 days after tx

Cow MUST be cycling

Question 18

Progestin drug options:

Answer 18

MGA feed additive
Injectable
CIDRs

Question 19

GnRH agonists use in cattle:

Answer 19

Administration AFTER dominant follicle selection:
Resets follicular wave- emergence of new wave in 1.5-2d

BEFORE selection:
No effect on current wave

Question 20

Timed AI synch program sutilize which 3 drugs?

Answer 20

GnRH, PGF, Progesterone

Question 21

Which timed-AI protocol is more commonly used in dairy? in beef?

Answer 21

D: Ov-Synch
B: Co-Synch

Question 22

OV-Synch protocol:

Answer 22

GnRH on D0
+/-CIDR for 7 days
PGF2a (&pull CIDR if used) on D7
GnRH 36-48 hr later
Bred 8-18 hr later

Question 23

CO- Synch protocol:

Answer 23

GnRH on D0
+/-CIDR for 7 days
PGF2a (&pull CIDR if used) on D7
GnTH AND Timed AI 54-66 hr later

Question 24

Select-Synch Protocol:

Answer 24

GnRH on D0
+/-CIDR for 7 days
PGF2a (&pull CIDR if used) on D7
Heat detect & AI D6-13

Question 25

Canine progesterone signals for LH peak? for Ovulation?

Answer 25

2 ng/ml: LH Peak 5ng/ML: Ovulation

Question 26

When does ovulation occur in regards to LH peak?

Answer 26

24-48 hours post LH peak

Question 27

When does peak fertility occur in regards to ovulation? bitch

Answer 27

3-4 days post ovulation

Question 28

When does fertilization occur in regards to ovulation? (bitch)

Answer 28

3-6 days post ovulation

Question 29

Vaginal cytology during proestrus:

Answer 29

Cornflake epithelial, RBCs, Variable WBCs, Debris

Question 30

Vaginal cytology during estrus:

Answer 30

>90% superficial epithelial cells (Cornflakes) No WBCs Few RBCs Little-No debris

Question 31

Diestral Shift:

Answer 31

The abrupt change in vaginal cytology from cornified epithelium to parabasalar cells. Also see influx of neutrophils Most accurate due date is 57.5 days post diestral shift

Question 32

What is a pathologic condition that may appear cytologically like the diestral shift?

Answer 32

Pyometra

Question 33

What is vaginal cytology used for clinically (in bitches)?

Answer 33

Influence of estrogen Presence of inflammation Accurate due date

Question 34

Ways to measure scrotal size:

Answer 34

Scrotal circumference (pendulous- ruminants) Caliper measurements (boars&stallions)

Question 35

Components of Sperm evaluation:

Answer 35

Gross appearance Volume/Sperm Conc. (If AV) Motility & Morphology

Question 36

Two types of motility evaluated:

Answer 36

Mass & Progressive

Question 37

How is sperm viability assessed?

Answer 37

Vital stain- eosin-nigrosin Dead sperm cells uptake stain

Question 38

Preferred method of sperm morphology classification in ruminants:

Answer 38

Normal Tail/Midpiece/Head defect

Question 39

Compensable defects:

Answer 39

Ones that actually affect sperm motility- this means that a majority of the sperm REACHING the egg is capable of fertilizing it. Most midpiece and tail abnormalities are compensable Compensable defects can be corrected by increasing sperm quantity if AI