SA Inequality Policies Guide Flashcards
What is Apartheid?
Apartheid is a system of segregation based on race.
What happened in SA in the 1990’s?
Apartheid ended in the early 1990’s and later that same decade the South African Constitution was introduced.
How did the South African Constitution benefit Blacks?
Blacks gained freedom after the introduction of the Constitution, specifically political freedom.
How did Blacks still struggle?
Blacks may have gained political freedom but society was still unequal and so they struggled.
How were jobs for Blacks during Apartheid?
The jobs that Blacks could do during Apartheid were restricted.
How did inequality change after Apartheid?
After Apartheid ended Blacks were given political freedom but economic inequality remained.
When was BEE introduced?
In 2003, BEE was introduced which involved positive discrimination against Blacks for economic purposes.
What things were involved in BEE?
BEE included things such as preferential treatment towards Black-owned companies for government contracts and also towards Blacks when promoting for managerial positions.
How has BEE been impactful?
Since the introduction of BEE there has been a reduction in the levels of economic inequality which proves the success of this policy.
What are ‘Black Diamonds’?
There are now 5 million middle-class Blacks in SA who are referred to as ‘Black Diamonds’.
How can BEE be criticised?
BEE has not been implemented properly and so although some economic power has been transferred it has not be transformed.
How is SA referred to as a ‘Cappuccino Society’?
SA are referred to as a ‘Cappuccino Society’ as there is Black on the bottom and a layer of White on top with only a sprinkling of Black which shows there has only been small improvements in economic inequality.
How could economic inequality be improved further in SA?
Although some gaps have been closed due to BEE there needs to be a stricter policy implemented to close the economic inequality gap.
What is ‘Bantu Education’?
During Apartheid it wasn’t common for Blacks to receive education but if they did it was ‘Bantu Education’ which was poor quality and had a restricted curriculum.
How much do the SA govt. spend on education?
The SA govt. spend 20% of their budget on education.
How has SA spending so much on education been impactful?
Due to govt. spending they have now been able to train more Black teachers, reduce class size and build new schools which replaced ‘plankie’ schools in Townships and Homelands.
How has govt. spending impacted attainment gap?
There has been a reduced attainment gap which has lead to more equal economic opportunities after education.
What has bee implemented to make University entry easier for Blacks?
There have been reduced entry requirements put in place for Blacks and the govt. have implemented a policy which scrapped tuition fees for low income families.
How have these policies been beneficial to the number of Blacks attending higher education?
This has therefore increased the level of Blacks being able to access higher education and therefore increases the number of Blacks going into higher paying jobs.
What are the university rates for Blacks?
65% of university students in SA are Black but this does not change the fact that White are 5x more likely to go to university than Blacks.
What education policy was introduced in 2024?
In 2024 a Bill was introduced which will hopefully help to increase equality in education - one way it could do this is by addressing the barriers for Blacks in attending private education such as these schools typically using Afrikaans.
How has education equality improved?
There have been improvements in education equality in SA but there needs to equal education given to Black and Whites to help eliminate this inequality.
How are HIV/AIDS rates in SA?
SA has had the highest HIV/AIDS rates since 1997 and currently have 8 million HIV+ cases.
When did HIV/AIDS policies begin to be introduced?
After a decade of AIDS-denialism policies started to be introduced in 2009.
