S2 - Microbes and Health (complete) Flashcards
Microbe (micro-organism)
A tiny (microscopic) living organism, usually single celled.
_______ are simple, single celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true nucleus.
Bacteria are simple, single celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true nucleus.
Bacteria are simple, _____ celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true nucleus.
Bacteria are simple, single celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true nucleus.
Bacteria are simple, single celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true ______.
Bacteria are simple, single celled microbes which can be useful or harmful. They do not have a true nucleus.
_______ are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an _______.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce ______. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like _______ than living organisms.
Viruses are very tiny and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
They cause disease because they can only reproduce inside other living cells. They are more like chemicals than living organisms.
_____ can be single celled (e.g. yeast), made of threads or mushroom like.
Fungi can be single celled (e.g. yeast), made of threads or mushroom like.
Fungi can be single celled (e.g. ____), made of threads or mushroom like.
Fungi can be single celled (e.g. yeast), made of threads or mushroom like.
__________ are all the single celled organisms with a true nucleus that are not fungi.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are all the single celled organisms with a true nucleus that are not fungi.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are all the single celled organisms with a true _________ that are not fungi.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are all the single celled organisms with a true nucleus that are not fungi.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are all the single celled organisms with a true nucleus that are not _____.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are all the single celled organisms with a true nucleus that are not fungi.
This includes the single celled animals and plants (algae) and the multicellular seaweeds.
What do microbes need to grow? Name three.
Any three of:
Food
Oxygen
Warm temperature
Moisture
Suitable pH (acid/alkali levels)
Sterile
Free from bacteria and other microbes
A shallow dish filled with agar jelly, containing food for growing microbes
Agar plate
Dots on agar jelly made of millions of microbe cells
Colonies
Which type of microbes are used to make bread?
Fungi (yeast)
Which type of microbes are used to make cheese and yoghurt?
Bacteria
Which type of microbes act as decomposers?
Fungi
Infection
A disease caused by a microbe
Pathogen
A microbe that causes disease
Orifice
An opening into your body, e.g. your mouth or ears
Toxin
A poison
Symptom
The effect of a disease on your body, e.g. a rash
Mucus
A thick sticky substance that traps dirt and bacteria in your lungs
Cilia
Tiny hairs on the surface of lung cells that move mucus
Enzyme
A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions
What infections can be caused by fungi?
Athlete’s foot, thrush
What drugs are used to treat fungal infections?
Anti-fungals
This system helps to protect your body from pathogens
Immune system
A type of white blood cell that engulfs (swallows) pathogens
Phagocyte
A type of white blood cell that releases antibodies
Lymphocyte
A special protein that binds to invading microbes to stop them from attacking cells.
Antibody
White blood cells that remain behind after an infection, and respond quickly to a 2nd infection.
Memory cells
Phagocyte
A type of white blood cell that engulfs (swallows) pathogens
Lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell that releases antibodies
A weakened or dead form of the disease used to protect the body
Vaccine
Unwanted effects on the body after having a vaccine or medication
Side effects
Herd immunity
Enough people (the threshold value) need to be vaccinated to protect a population against a disease, e.g. measles.
