S2 - Forces and Space (complete) Flashcards
Force
A push or a pull which can change an object’s speed, direction or shape.
Newton meter / balance
Instrument for measuring forces
Newton (N)
Unit forces are measured in
Weight
Force produced by gravity
Reaction
Force from a surface opposing gravity
Traction
Force producing movement for an object on a surface (like the ground)
Friction
Force between two surfaces opposing motion
e.g. between tyres and the ground
Lift
Upwards force for a flying object
Thrust
Force from a propeller or jet engine
Drag
Force opposing motion for an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas)
Upthrust
Upwards force for a floating object, produced by buoyancy
Fluid
Liquid or gas
Streamlined
Smooth, curved, pointy shape designed to reduce drag
Name this type of object
Large space object which is not large enough to make its own light
Planet
Name this type of object
Large space object which makes its own light (e.g. the Sun)
Star
Name this type of object
Large object, but smaller than a planet (e.g. Pluto)
Dwarf planet
Name this type of object
Object smaller than a dwarf planet
Asteroid
Name this type of object
Object smaller than an asteroid
Meteoroid
Name this type of object
Small icy objects which display bright tails when close to a star
Comets
Astronomical Unit (AU)
The distance from Earth to the Sun – 150 million km
Light year
The distance light travels in a year – 9.5 million billion km
A large gravitationally bound system of stars, numbering from 100 million to 100 trillion
Galaxy
Exoplanet
A planet outside our own Solar System
A force can change an object’s ________, _________ or__________.
speed, direction or shape
Name this piece of equipment
Newton meter
(or Newton balance)
Forces are measured in units called ___________.
newtons (N)
Name this force
Weight
Name this force
Traction
Name this force
Friction
Name this force
Lift
Name this force
Thrust
Name this force
Drag
Name this force
Upthrust
Name this type of shape
Smooth, curved, pointy shape designed to reduce drag
Streamlined
A planet outside our own Solar System
Exoplanet
Habitable zone
A zone in which the temperature on a planet allows liquid water to exist.
When is friction useful?
Grip for shoes/tyres, brakes, slows down parachutes, etc
When is friction problematic?
Slows down machinery/cars, can cause overheating
Ways to reduce friction
Rollers, ball bearings, lubrication (e.g. oil)
The Earth rotates on its axis every ________________. This is the length of one day and night cycle.
24 hours
The Earth ____________________ every 24 hours. This is the length of one day and night cycle.
rotates on its axis
The length of one year is ___________ days. This is how long it takes the Earth to orbit around the Sun.
The length of one year is 365.25 days. This is how long it takes the Earth to orbit around the Sun.
The length of one year is 365.25 days. This is how long it takes __________________________________.
The length of one year is 365.25 days. This is how long it takes the Earth to orbit around the Sun.
Why do we have seasons?
The Earth is tilted on its axis. When one hemisphere (side) of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun, it is summer in that hemisphere. When it is tilted away from the Sun, it is winter.
List all planets in the Solar System starting with the one closest to the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Unit forces are measured in
Newton (N)
