S1 - Energy and Climate Change (complete) Flashcards
Fossilised remains of dead animals and plants, which are used as fuels
Fossil fuels
Name the three types of fossil fuels
Coal, oil, natural gas
Formation of coal:
_________ die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by ____________________.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over _______________, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high _____________ turns the plants into coal.
Formation of coal:
Plants die and get covered by layers of sand and mud.
Over millions of years, high temperature and pressure turns the plants into coal.
Coal was formed from dead plants in swamps.
What about oil and gas?
Oil and gas were formed from dead plants and animals under oceans.
Fuel
A substance which can be burned to release energy.
Another word for burning
Combustion
The release of energy from food. Happens in cells.
Respiration
Renewable fuels
Fuels which can be replenished (replaced) naturally and will never run out.
Non-renewable
Fuels or other resources which cannot be replaced once used up.
A type of fan which is turned by water, wind or steam. It is connected to a generator.
Turbine
Turns to produce electricity
Generator
Wind power
Turbines are turned by the wind, generating electricity
Solar power
Energy from the sun is captured using solar panels, and is converted into electricity.
Hydroelectric power
Flowing water turns a turbine to generate electricity
A fuel produced from living material, e.g. plants.
Biofuel
Wave/tidal power - _______ is turned to electricity using a wave energy converter.
Wave/tidal power - movement of water is turned to electricity using a wave energy converter.
Cold water is pumped down into the Earth, is heated and turned to steam.
Name this type of power.
Geothermal power
Deforestation
Cutting down trees
Pollution
A substance introduced into the environment which has harmful effects.
Global warming
An increase in levels of greenhouse gases traps more heat and causes Earth’s temperature to rise.
Changes caused to the climate by rising temperatures
Climate change
Name a negative effect humans have on the planet:
Any one of:
Deforestation
Depletion of resources
Pollution
Farming
Burning fossil fuels
Greenhouse effect
The sun’s energy bounces off the earth and is trapped by gases in the atmosphere, warming the Earth
Climate
Average pattern of weather for a particular region over time
Weather
Short term changes in the atmosphere e.g. rain, wind, cloud
Greenhouse gases
Gases in the atmosphere which are able to trap heat e.g. carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs
Name two greenhouse gases
Any two of:
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour
Methane
Ozone
Nitrous oxide
CFCs
Mass extinction
Many species become extinct at the same time, reducing biodiversity on Earth
When something becomes more acidic – e.g. the ocean, as carbon dioxide dissolves in it.
Acidification
Movement of large numbers of animals to avoid harsh conditions.
Migration
Reliable data
Accurate data that has been referenced to an academic institution or an official organisation.
Unreliable data
Data from an unknown source that has not been correctly referenced.
Carbon footprint
How much carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
