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Drummond BGE Science > S2 - Geoscience (complete) > Flashcards

S2 - Geoscience (complete) Flashcards

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1
Q

Igneous

A

Rock formed as lava cools and hardens.

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2
Q

Sedimentary

A

Rock formed under water as layers of sediment settle and harden.

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3
Q

Metamorphic

A

Formed from other rocks due to heat and pressure underground.

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4
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock under the ground.

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5
Q

Lava

A

Molten rock that escapes through cracks in the Earth’s crust.

(not underground - different from magma!)

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6
Q

Weathering

A

Breakdown of rocks on the Earth’s surface.

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7
Q

Erosion

A

Gradual wearing down of rocks e.g. by water or wind.

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8
Q

Sediment

A

Fine particles of rock that settle in water.

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9
Q

Fossils

A

Plant or animal remains trapped in sediments and turned to rock.

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10
Q

Which type of rock can contain fossils and fossil fuels?

A

Sedimentary

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11
Q

G _ _ _ _ _ E is an igneous rock.

A

Granite

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12
Q

S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E is a sedimentary rock.

A

Sandstone

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13
Q

M _ _ _ _ E is a metamorphic rock.

A

Marble

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14
Q

Permeable

A

Allows something to pass through, e.g. water.

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15
Q

State two properties of igneous rock

A

Any two of:

Contains large crystals

Hard to scratch

Water does not soak in

Does not react with acid

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16
Q

State two properties of sedimentary rock

A

Any two of:

Made of layers

Soft and easy to scratch

Water soaks in

Reacts with acid

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17
Q

State two properties of metamorphic rock

A

Any two of:

Made of small crystals or layers

Hard to scratch

Water does not soak in

Does not react with acid

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18
Q

Ore

A

Rock containing metal compounds.

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19
Q

Electrolysis

A

Using electricity to break down compounds.

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20
Q

What does this list show?

A

Reactivity series - reactive metals at the top, unreactive metals at the bottom.

21
Q

How would you extract the metals in the middle from their ores?

(Iron, tin, lead)

A

Heating with carbon

22
Q

How would you extract the metals at the top from their ores?

(Potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminium)

A

Electrolysis

23
Q

Corrosion

A

Chemical reaction of metal surfaces to form compounds.

24
Q

Rusting

A

Corrosion of iron.

25
Q

Which two things are needed for rusting?

A

Oxygen and water

26
Q

Physical protection

A

Protection from corrosion by using a barrier such as paint or grease.

27
Q

Sacrificial protection

A

Protection from corrosion by attaching a more reactive metal.

28
Q

What makes iron rust faster?

A

Acid or salt

29
Q

How does paint prevent iron from rusting?

A

Keeps out water and oxygen.

30
Q

Galvanising

A

Dipping metal in molten zinc to protect it from corrosion.

31
Q

Horizon

A

Layer within the soil.

32
Q

This type of soil has large particles and drains quickly.

A

Sandy soil

33
Q

Medium sized particles in soil are called _ _ _ _.

A

Silt

34
Q

This type of soil has fine particles stuck together, and drains poorly.

A

Clay soil

35
Q

This type of soil is a mixture of clay, sand and silt.

A

Loam

36
Q

Which three nutrients do plants need to grow?

A

Phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K)

(to remember, think PiNK!)

37
Q

How do plants take up nutrients from the soil?

A

They absorb nutrients dissolved in water through their roots.

38
Q

Soluble nitrogen compounds taken in by plants

A

Nitrates

39
Q

How do plants take in nitrogen?

A

In the form of nitrates through their roots.

40
Q

Why is nitrogen important to plants?

A

Nitrogen is used to build chemicals called amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein molecules. Protein molecules are used to build new cells as the plant grows.

41
Q

Decomposition

A

Breaking down (of dead material or chemical compounds)

42
Q

Decomposers turn dead plant and animal waste back into soil nitrates.

What are decomposers?

A

Bacteria and fungi

43
Q

Fertilisers

A

Compounds which help plants grow.

(contain P, N, and/or K)

44
Q

Why do farmers use fertiliser?

A

To replace nutrients removed when crops are harvested.

45
Q

Agriculture

A

Growing crops (food and commercial plants)

46
Q

Natural fertilisers

A

Manure or compost. They supply plants with nutrients.

47
Q

Herbicides

A

Chemicals which kill weeds.

48
Q

Pesticides

A

Chemicals which kill pests.

49
Q

Biological control

A

When a natural predator is used to kill pests (e.g. ladybirds kill Colorado beetles which harm potato plants).

Drummond BGE Science (12 decks)

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