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Drummond BGE Science > S2 - Acids and Bases (complete) > Flashcards

S2 - Acids and Bases (complete) Flashcards

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1
Q

Acidic

A

Sour and corrosive. Contains hydrogen. pH < 7.

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2
Q

Alkaline

A

Slippery and soapy. Corrosive. pH >7.

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3
Q

Neutral

A

Neither acidic nor alkaline.

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4
Q

pH

A

A number that describes how acidic something is.

Low pH = acidic.

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5
Q

pH scale

A

A colour scale showing the colours of a pH indicator in different pH.

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6
Q

pH indicator

A

A chemical compound (dye) that changes colour in different pH.

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7
Q

Universal indicator

A

A pH indicator which turns red/orange/yellow in acids, green in neutral solutions and blue/purple in alkalis.

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8
Q

Acids or alkalis?

Lemon juice, vinegar, yoghurt

A

Acids

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9
Q

Acids or alkalis?

Bleach, drain cleaner, baking soda

A

Alkalis

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10
Q

Preservative

A

A substance that stops food from spoiling.

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11
Q

Besides flavour, why are acids added to food?

A

To act as preservatives.

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12
Q

What negative effect do acids in food have on your health?

A

Can cause tooth decay or indigestion.

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13
Q

Concentration

A

The number of stuff/particles dissolved in a liquid.

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14
Q

Dilution

A

Adding water to a solution.

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15
Q

When you dilute an acid, the pH ________.

A

increases

(can go up to 7)

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16
Q

When you dilute an alkali, the pH ________.

A

decreases

(can go down to 7)

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17
Q

When you dilute a neutral solution, the pH _______.

A

does not change

(already 7)

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18
Q

Base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid.

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19
Q

Soluble

A

Dissolves in water.

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20
Q

Alkali

A

A soluble base.

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21
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.

22
Q

During neutralisation, the pH of the alkali _______.

A

drops toward 7

23
Q

During neutralisation, the pH of the acid _______.

A

rises toward 7

24
Q

Salt

A

A compound made during neutralisation. It is made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced with a metal.

25
Q

What types of substances are bases?

A

Metal oxides

Metal hydroxides

Metal carbonates

26
Q

Parent acid

A

An acid used to make a salt.

27
Q

Parent base

A

A base used to make a salt.

28
Q

Antacid

A

Medicine to treat indigestion which helps neutralise stomach acid.

29
Q

Evaporation

A

Removing solvent (liquid) by heating a solution.

30
Q

Acid rain

A

Rain with pH lower than normal.

31
Q

Ocean acidification

A

The process of ocean water becoming more acidic over time.

32
Q

HCl is a formula for an acid.

How can we tell this is an acid?

A

Contains hydrogen.

33
Q

When is it useful to do a microscale investigation?

A

When the reactants are expensive, toxic or only available in small quantities.

34
Q

Which acid is stomach acid?

A

Hydrochloric acid

35
Q

How do antacids work?

A

They contain a base which neutralises stomach acid.

36
Q

Hydrochloric acid makes ______ salts.

A

chloride

37
Q

Sulfuric acid makes ______ salts.

A

sulfate

38
Q

Nitric acid makes _______ salts.

A

nitrate

39
Q

Phosphoric acid makes ______ salts.

A

phosphate

40
Q

Potassium chloride is a salt name.

Where does the ‘potassium’ part come from?

A

Parent base

(potassium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate)

41
Q

Potassium chloride is a salt name.

Where does the ‘chloride’ part come from?

A

Parent acid

(hydrochloric acid)

42
Q

You have a salt dissolved in water.

What technique will let you separate the salt and the water?

A

Evaporation

43
Q

Fill in the blank:

A
44
Q

How do you show on this diagram that you are heating the mixture?

A
45
Q

Which gases cause acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide

46
Q

Which gas is always produced when fossil fuels are burned?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

47
Q

Sulfur dioxide gas can be made when coal is burned.

Why is this bad?

A

Sulfur dioxide is harmful to the respiratory system, and causes acid rain.

48
Q

Where is nitrogen dioxide formed?

A

In car engines and furnaces.

49
Q

Acid rain is harmful to __________________________.

A

plants and aquatic life

50
Q

What does acid rain do to rock and metal surfaces?

A

It wears away rock surfaces and corrodes metal surfaces.

51
Q

Why are the oceans becoming more acidic?

A

Because of carbon dioxide dissolving in ocean water.

Drummond BGE Science (12 decks)

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