S2 - Acids and Bases (complete) Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

Acidic

A

Sour and corrosive. Contains hydrogen. pH < 7.

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2
Q

Alkaline

A

Slippery and soapy. Corrosive. pH >7.

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3
Q

Neutral

A

Neither acidic nor alkaline.

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4
Q

pH

A

A number that describes how acidic something is.

Low pH = acidic.

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5
Q

pH scale

A

A colour scale showing the colours of a pH indicator in different pH.

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6
Q

pH indicator

A

A chemical compound (dye) that changes colour in different pH.

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7
Q

Universal indicator

A

A pH indicator which turns red/orange/yellow in acids, green in neutral solutions and blue/purple in alkalis.

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8
Q

Acids or alkalis?

Lemon juice, vinegar, yoghurt

A

Acids

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9
Q

Acids or alkalis?

Bleach, drain cleaner, baking soda

A

Alkalis

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10
Q

Preservative

A

A substance that stops food from spoiling.

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11
Q

Besides flavour, why are acids added to food?

A

To act as preservatives.

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12
Q

What negative effect do acids in food have on your health?

A

Can cause tooth decay or indigestion.

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13
Q

Concentration

A

The number of stuff/particles dissolved in a liquid.

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14
Q

Dilution

A

Adding water to a solution.

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15
Q

When you dilute an acid, the pH ________.

A

increases

(can go up to 7)

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16
Q

When you dilute an alkali, the pH ________.

A

decreases

(can go down to 7)

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17
Q

When you dilute a neutral solution, the pH _______.

A

does not change

(already 7)

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18
Q

Base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid.

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19
Q

Soluble

A

Dissolves in water.

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20
Q

Alkali

A

A soluble base.

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21
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.

22
Q

During neutralisation, the pH of the alkali _______.

A

drops toward 7

23
Q

During neutralisation, the pH of the acid _______.

A

rises toward 7

24
Q

Salt

A

A compound made during neutralisation. It is made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced with a metal.

25
What types of substances are **bases**?
Metal oxides Metal hydroxides Metal carbonates
26
Parent acid
An **acid** used to make a **salt**.
27
Parent base
A **base** used to make a **salt**.
28
Antacid
**Medicine** to treat **indigestion** which helps **neutralise** stomach acid.
29
Evaporation
**Removing solvent** (liquid) by heating a solution.
30
Acid rain
Rain with pH **lower** than normal.
31
Ocean acidification
The process of **ocean water** becoming **more acidic** over time.
32
**HCl** is a formula for an acid. **How** can we tell this is an **acid**?
Contains **hydrogen**.
33
When is it useful to do a **microscale investigation**?
When the reactants are **expensive**, **toxic** or only available in **small quantities**.
34
Which acid is **stomach acid**?
Hydrochloric acid
35
How do **antacids** work?
They contain a **base** which **neutralises** stomach acid.
36
**Hydrochloric** acid makes ______ salts.
**chloride**
37
**Sulfuric** acid makes ______ salts.
**sulfate**
38
**Nitric** acid makes _______ salts.
**nitrate**
39
**Phosphoric** acid makes ______ salts.
**phosphate**
40
**Potassium chloride** is a **salt** name. Where does the '**potassium**' part come from?
**Parent base** (potassium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate)
41
**Potassium chloride** is a **salt** name. Where does the '**chloride**' part come from?
**Parent acid** | (hydrochloric acid)
42
You have a **salt dissolved in water**. What **technique** will let you **separate** the salt and the water?
Evaporation
43
# Fill in the blank:
44
How do you show on this diagram that you are **heating** the mixture?
45
Which **gases** cause **acid rain**?
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide
46
Which **gas** is always produced when **fossil fuels** are **burned**?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
47
**Sulfur dioxide** gas can be made when coal is burned. Why is this bad?
Sulfur dioxide is **harmful** to the **respiratory system**, and causes **acid rain**.
48
Where is **nitrogen dioxide** formed?
In **car engines** and **furnaces**.
49
Acid rain is **harmful** to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**plants and aquatic life**
50
What does **acid rain** do to **rock** and **metal surfaces**?
It **wears away rock** surfaces and **corrodes metal** surfaces.
51
Why are the **oceans** becoming **more acidic**?
Because of **carbon dioxide** **dissolving** in ocean water.