S1 - Elements and Chemical Reactions (complete) Flashcards
Property
Describes what a substance looks like and what it can do.
Malleable
Can be hammered into a thin sheet without breaking (like a metal).
Ductile
Can be stretched into a thin wire and stay strong (like a metal).
Brittle
Breaks when hit or stretched; not malleable or ductile.
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
Atom
A very small particle. Lots of these make up a substance.
Periodic table
A table containing all the known elements.
Group
A column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar properties.
Period
A row in the periodic table.
Name two properties of metals.
Any two of:
shiny
solid (except mercury)
good conductors of heat/electricity
magnetic (some)
malleable
ductile
Name two properties of non-metals.
Any two of:
dull
poor conductors of heat
poor conductors of electricity (except graphite)
not magnetic
brittle
can be solid, liquid or gas
A column in the periodic table.
Group
A row in the periodic table.
Period
Which two elements are liquids at room temperature?
Bromine and mercury
Name group 1 in the periodic table.
Alkali metals
Name group 7 in the periodic table.
Halogens
Name group 8 in the periodic table.
Noble gases
Which side of the periodic table can metals be found on?
Left
__________ are very reactive. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with water.
Alkali metals are very reactive. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with water.
Alkali metals are very ______. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with water.
Alkali metals are very reactive. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with water.
Alkali metals are very reactive. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with ________.
Alkali metals are very reactive. They react very easily with oxygen in the air. They react explosively with water.
_______ are all non-metals. They are very reactive. They are toxic.
Halogens are all non-metals. They are very reactive. They are toxic.
Halogens are all non-metals. They are very _______. Halogens are toxic.
Halogens are all non-metals. They are very reactive. Halogens are toxic.
The ________ are extremely unreactive (inert). However, they fluoresce (light up) when electricity is passed through them.
The noble gases are extremely unreactive (inert). However, they fluoresce (light up) when electricity is passed through them.
The noble gases are extremely ________ (inert). However, they fluoresce (light up) when electricity is passed through them.
The noble gases are extremely unreactive (inert). However, they fluoresce (light up) when electricity is passed through them.
The noble gases are extremely unreactive (inert). However, they ________ when electricity is passed through them.
The noble gases are extremely unreactive (inert). However, they fluoresce (light up) when electricity is passed through them.
Element, mixture or compound?
Mixture (of elements)
Element, mixture or compound?
Compound
Mixture
Two or more types of substances (atoms or compounds) that are not joined together.
Compound
Two or more types of atoms that are joined together.
Molecule
A group of atoms joined together.
Shows how many of each type of atom there are in a molecule.
Formula
To name a compound made of two elements:
- Write the name of the first element ____________.
- Change the ending of the second element name to -ide.
To name a compound made of two elements (e.g. iron and oxygen):
- Write the name of the first element unchanged.
- Change the ending of the second element name to -ide.
(e. g. iron oxide)
To name a compound made of two elements:
- Write the name of the first element unchanged.
- Change the ________ of the second element name to ______.
To name a compound made of two elements (e.g. iron and oxygen):
- Write the name of the first element unchanged.
- Change the ending of the second element name to -ide.
(e. g. iron oxide)
Shows what substances react together and what products are made.
Word equation
(or chemical equation)
What is wrong with this word equation?
Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid = Hydrogen + Magnesium chloride
Cannot use equal sign! Must use arrow:
Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid → Hydrogen + Magnesium chloride
Which side shows the reactants?
Sodium + Oxygen → Sodium oxide
Left (sodium + oxygen)
A way to separate a solid from a liquid.
(e.g. get sand out of sandy water)
Filtration
A way to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.
(e.g. get salt out of salty water)
Evaporation
A way to separate a mixture of two liquids.
Distillation
Evaporation
A way to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.
(e.g. get salt out of salty water)
Filtration
A way to separate a solid from a liquid.
(e.g. get sand out of sandy water)
Name this technique
Evaporation
Name this technique
Filtration
Distillation
A way to separate a mixture of two liquids.
A way to split a compound into elements using electricity.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis
A way to split a compound into elements using electricity.
A change where no new substance is made, e.g. melting or dissolving.
Physical change
A change where a new substance is made, e.g. frying an egg. It is difficult to reverse.
Chemical change
Chemical change
A change where a new substance is made, e.g. frying an egg. It is difficult to reverse.
Physical change
A change where no new substance is made, e.g. melting or dissolving.
How can we tell that a new substance has been formed? Name one sign.
Any of:
Effervescence (fizzing)
Precipitation (solid forming)
Colour change
Energy/temperature change (e.g. test tube gets hotter)
Solid forming when two liquids are mixed.
Precipitation
Gas (bubbles) forming in a chemical reaction. Fizzing.
Effervescence
Precipitation
Solid forming when two liquids are mixed.
Effervescence
Gas (bubbles) forming in a chemical reaction. Fizzing.
How much substance is dissolved in a liquid.
Concentration
Reaction rate
How fast a chemical reaction happens.
Concentration
How much substance is dissolved in a liquid.
How fast a chemical reaction happens.
Reaction rate
Suggest a way to make a reaction happer faster.
Any of:
increase concentration
increase temperature
decrease particle size
