S1 VARIATIONS Flashcards

1
Q
  • S1 is softer than S2 at base, and usually louder at apex
A

Normal

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2
Q
  • Tachycardia
  • Rhythms with short PR intervals
  • High cardiac output states (exercise, hyperthyroidism, etc.)
  • Mitral stenosis (valve still open at beginning of LV systole and closes quickly)
A

Accentuated S1

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3
Q
  • 1st degree heart block (atria/ ventricles beating independently)
  • Left bundle branch block
  • Myocardial infarction due to weak ventricle contraction
  • Acute aortic regurgitation (mitral valve closes before ventricle contraction)
A

Diminished S1

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4
Q
  • Complete heart block (atria and ventricle beating independently)
  • Any totally irregular (atrial fibrillation; mitral valve in varying positions before ventricle contraction)
A

Varying S1

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5
Q
  • Delayed closure of tricuspid valve
  • Prominent when RV contraction is delayed (right bundle branch block and left premature
    contractions)
A

Split S1

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