HEENT Flashcards by Nicholas de Guzman

fine hair indicates? hyperthyroid and hypothyroid

hyperthyroid

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coarse hair indicates? hyperthyroid and hypothyroid

hypothyroid

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what could indicate redness and swelling on the scalp?

seborrheic dermatitis psoriasis

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what could indicate soft lumps, pigmented navi on the scalp?

pillar cysts

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if the skull is large what could this indicate?

hydrocephaly and Pigat’s disease

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absence of glow may suggest thickened mucosa or absence of sinuses on the skull?

transillumination of sinuses

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increased adrenal cortisol, round or moon face

Cushing’s syndrome

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edematous and pale, swelling first around the eyes

nephrotic syndrome

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severe hypothyroidism resulting in dull, puffy faces, hair is dry, coarse and thinned

myxedema

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chronic bilateral asymptomatic parotid gland swelling is seen anterior to ear and above the jaw, associated with obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis

unilateral

acute

parotid gland enlargement

neoplasm

mumps

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increased growth hormone leads to enlargement of bone and soft tissue with elongated head, coarsened facial features

acromegaly

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decreased facial mobility and blinking leads to blunted expression

parkinson’s disease

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examples of primary headaches?

migraines(unilateral), tension(bilateral), cluster(unilateral), chronic daily

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examples of secondary headaches?

underlying structural, systemic, or infectious causes (meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, analgesic rebound, sinusitis, tumor, concussion)

thunderclap headaches

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maximal intensity over several minutes and present in 70% of people with subarachnoid hemorrhage?

thunderclap headache

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CN VII, paralyses entire side, opposite side

what type of lesion is this?

peripheral lesion

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CN VII, occurs in the upper motor neuron system between cortex and pons (CVA), top still functions

central lesion

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name this issue with vision?

farsightedness

hyperopia

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name this issue with vision?

aging vision, impaired near vision

presbyopia

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name this issue with vision?

nearsightedness

myopia

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name this issue with vision?

double vision, brainstem or cerebellum lesion, both eyes, one eye us problem with cornea or lens

diplopia

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this is the chart used to rate vision? like measure 20/20 vision

Snellen Eye Chart

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painful unilateral vision loss?

corneal ulcer, acute glaucoma

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painless unilateral vision loss?

virteous hemorrhage, macular degeneration

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what is the leading cause of bilateral vision loss?

open angle glaucoma

this type of bilateral vision loss increases intraocular pressure and blockage of aqueous humor?

narrow angle glaucoma

in terms of visual field defects this one in particular results in losing half of ones vision (lower half)?

horizontal defects affecting the central retinal artery

in the visual field defects this condition is when there is a lesion on the optic nerve?

blind right eye

in the visual field defects, this condition happens when there is a lesion on the chiasm and you lose the temporal half of each visual field and this involves fibers that are crossing over

bitemporal hemianopia

in this visual field defect we see damage to the right optic tract after the chiasm and losing the left half of both visual fields

left homonymous hemianopsia

this is a medical condition of the pupils in which there are dilated pupils fixed to light, ptosis present and lateral deviation present

CNIII paralysis

this is a medical condition of the pupils in which there are small pupils, reactions to light and near effort, ptosis present, with possible loss of swelling

Horner's syndrome

this is a medical condition of the pupils in which they are small, irregular and accommodate but do not react to light- CNS syphilis

Argyll Pobertson

this is a medical condition of the pupils in which the light into the seeing eye will have a direct and consensual reaction, light into the blind eye with no reaction

one blind eye

this is dropping of the upper lid caused by myasthenia gravis, CN III damage, Horner's Syndrome or congenital

Ptosis

these eyelids are more common in the elderly, inward turning of lid at margin, lower lids turn in and irritate eye

entropian

this medical condition is seen in the elderly, margin of lower lid turned out, exposes the palpebral conjunctiva and eye no longer drains well

ectropion

this is the medical condition of the eyelids when there is a wide eyed stare, retracted lids, protruding eyeball related to graves disease (60%)

exopthalmos

lump and swelling of the eye in which there is a harmless yellowish triangle node in the bulbar conjunctiva, occurs with aging

pinguecula

lump and swelling of the eye in which there is a localized ocular inflammation of episleral vessels causing rheumatoid arthritis and herpes

episcleritis

this is a lump and swelling of the eye characterized as a painful, tendon, red infection in the gland at the margin of the eyelid

sty

subacute, contender, blocked melbomian gland

chalazion

slightly raised, yellow plaques along the nasal portion of the lid

xanthelasma

inflammation of the lacrimal sac, swelling between eyelid and nose painful red and tender leading to discharge of mucopurulent fluid

dacryocystitis

redness tends to be maximal peripherally, mild discomfort, | vision not effected, highly contagious

Conjunctivitis-

leakage of blood outside vessels, sharply | demarcated, no pain, vision not effected, may be from trauma or cough

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

think grayish white arc or circle near edge of cornea- sually benignmay suggest hyperlipoproteinema in young people

Corneal Arcus

moderate to severe pain, decreased vision, watery | discharge, from abrasion or infection

Corneal Injury/Infection

superficial grayish white opacity in cornea due to injury or infection, this is a type of corneal injury/infection

Corneal scar

trianglular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the outer surface of the cornea

Pterygium

opacities on the lenses visible through the pupil

cataracts

this is a type cataract that produces spokelike shadows

peripheral cataract

moderate aching pain, small irregular pupil, decreased vision, from herpes or TB

Acute Iritis

severe pain, decreased vision, dialated pupil, | from increased intraocular pressure

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

golden to red brown ring from copper deposition- Wilson’s disease (ATO7B mutation on chromosome 13)

Kayser-Fleischer Ring

inner ear, cochlear nerve, central connections to brain- may complain others mumble

Sensorineural loss

lateralizes to good ear, a type of sensorineural loss?

weber

air longer than bone, a type of sensorineural loss? Hereditary, presbycusis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, Meniere’s

rinne

results from problems with external or middle ear- children and young adults- may get better in noisy environment

Conductive loss

this is a type of conductive loss in which it lateralizes to the impaired ear?

weber

this is a type of conductive loss in which the bone is longer than air Trauma, tumor, perforated tympanic membrane, congenital

rinne

pain in the ear: pain in external canal- tug test- canal is swollen, narrows, moist and pale

Otitis externa

pain in the ear: middle ear, may come with respiratory infection – tenderness behind the ear, red bulging ear drum, serous effusion

Otitis media

usually soft wax, debris, or rash, discharge through perforated eardrum

Chronic Otitis Media

nontender nodular swellings covered by normal skin deep in ear- may obsure the eardrum

Exostoses

percieved sound with no external stimuli- frequency increased with age, associated with hearing loss and vertigo- suggest Meniere’s disease

Tinnitus

perception that patient or environment is spinning- problem with labyrinths, CN VIII lesions, or lesions- benign perisitonal vertigo, labyrinthitis, Meniere’s disease

Vertigo

feeling as though you may pass out- from arrhythmia, orthostatic hypertension, vasovagal stimulation

Presyncope

feeling unsteady or losing balance

Disequilibrium

firm, nodular- hypertrophic mass of scar tissue, most common shoulder and upper chest

Keloid

chronic inflammatory lesion, starts as tender papule on helix or antihelix

Chondrodermatitis Hilicis

deposit of uric acid crystals- chronic gout- hard nodules on helix or antihelix, may have chalky discharge, also may appear near joints

Tophi

raised nodule with lustrous surface and telangiectatic | vessels, common slow growing malignancy, rarely metastasizes, may have ulceration- overexposure to sunlight

Basal Cell Carcinoma

sebaceous cyst- dome shaped firm lump

Cutaneous Cyst

chronic rheumatoid arthritis, small lumps on helix or antihelix with additional nodules on hands or ulna, ulceration may result

Rheumatoid Nodule

eardrum is pinkish gray, can see malleus and incus

normal ear drum

hole in eardrum, from infection of middle ear

Perforation

chalky white patch on eardrum- deposit of hyaline materialsevere otitis media

Tympanosclerosis

usually caused by viral upper respiratory infection, change in pressure, otitis media- air is absorbed and fluid accumulates instead- symptoms are fullness, popping, mild conductive hearing loss- amber fluid behind eardrum with airbubbles

Serous Effusion

earache, fever, conductive hearing loss red eardrum, loss of landmarks, and bulging eardrum- more common in children

Acute Otitis Media with Purulent Effusion

painful hemorrhagic vesicles on tympanic membrane or ear canal- symptoms earache, bloody discharge, conductive hearing loss- from otitis media

Bullous Myringitis