CHEST Flashcards

1
Q

landmark for this procedure?

tension pneumothorax

A

2nd intercostal space

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2
Q

landmark for this procedure?

chest tube insertion

A

4th intercostal space

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3
Q

landmark for this procedure?

endotracheal tube on a chest x ray

A

T4

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4
Q

landmark for this procedure?

needles and tubes should be placed?

A

superior rib margins because of the neuromuscular structures that run along the inferior margin of each rib

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5
Q

landmark for this procedure?

thoracentesis with needle insertion immediately?

A

T7-T8 intercostal space with needle insertion immediately superior to the 8th rib which removes excess fluid from pleural space to help the patient breath

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6
Q

disease more common in right middle/lower lobes because the right main bronchus is more vertical

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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7
Q

Accumulation of pleural fluid (pleural effusion) may be:

A

transudates

exudates

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8
Q

this type of pleural fluid is seen in heart failure, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome

A

Transudates

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9
Q

this type of pleural fluid is seen in pneumonia, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, and pancreatitis

A

Exudates

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10
Q

types of coughing?

A

acute
subacute
chronic

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11
Q

name this type of cough?

o Lasts less than 3 weeks
o Causes by: viral upper respiratory infection, acute bronchitis, left sided heart failure, foreign body, smoking, and ace inhibitor therapy

A

Acute

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12
Q

name this type of cough?

o 3-8 weeks
o Caused by: post-infectious cough, pertussis, acid reflux, bacterial sinusitis, and asthma

A

Subacute

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13
Q

name this type of cough?

o More than 8 weeks
o Caused by: post-nasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis

A

Chronic

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14
Q

how can we describe mucous?

A

Mucoid
Purulent
Foul smelling
Thick Tenacious

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15
Q

name the sputum?

Seen in cystic fibrosis and viral infection

A

Mucoid: translucent, white/gray

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16
Q

name the sputum?

Seen in bacterial pneumonia; in large amounts may be bronchiectasis or lung abscess

A

Purulent: yellow or green

17
Q

name the sputum?

Anaerobic lung abscess

A

Foul smelling

18
Q

name the sputum?

Cystic fibrosis

A

Thick Tenacious

19
Q

name this symptom

o Causes: bronchitis, malignancy, cystic fibrosis; and less commonly bronchiectasis, mitral stenosis, Goodpasture syndrome and Wegener
granulomatosis

o Blood originating in stomach will be darker than blood from lungs

A

Hemoptysis: coughing up blood

20
Q

Palpable vibrations transmitted through bronchopulmonary tree to chest wall as the PT speaks

A

tactile fremitus

21
Q

Soft voice, obstructed bronchus, COPD, Pleural Effusion, Tumor, Pneumothorax, Thick chest wall

A

Causes for decrease in tactile fremitus

22
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Causes for increase

in tactile fremitus

23
Q

name the thorax diameter?

Ratio is around 0.7 all the way up to 0.9 and increases with age

A

Normal Adult

24
Q

name the thorax diameter?

Increased AP diameter

A

Barrel Chest

25
name the thorax diameter? Depression in lower portion of sternum
Funnel Chest
26
name the thorax diameter? Sternum is displaced anteriorly → increased AP diameter
Pigeon Chest (pectus carinatum)
27
name the thorax diameter? Abnormal curvatures and vertebral orientation deform the chest Distortion of underlying lungs may make interpretation of lung findings difficult
Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis
28
name the thorax diameter? Leads to paradoxical movements From rib fractures
Traumatic Flail
29
name this breath sound? heard over lungs; soft, relatively low pitched, and inspiratory sound lasts longer than expiratory
Vesicular
30
name this breath sound? heard in 2nd ICS anteriorly and between scapulae; intermediate sound and pitch, inspiratory and expiratory equal
Bronchovesicular
31
name this breath sound? heard over manubrium; loud, relatively high pitched, and expiratory lasts longer than inspiratory
Bronchial
32
name this breath sound? heard over trachea; very loud, relatively high pitched, and inspiratory and expiratory equal
Tracheal