CHEST Flashcards
landmark for this procedure?
tension pneumothorax
2nd intercostal space
landmark for this procedure?
chest tube insertion
4th intercostal space
landmark for this procedure?
endotracheal tube on a chest x ray
T4
landmark for this procedure?
needles and tubes should be placed?
superior rib margins because of the neuromuscular structures that run along the inferior margin of each rib
landmark for this procedure?
thoracentesis with needle insertion immediately?
T7-T8 intercostal space with needle insertion immediately superior to the 8th rib which removes excess fluid from pleural space to help the patient breath
disease more common in right middle/lower lobes because the right main bronchus is more vertical
Aspiration pneumonia
Accumulation of pleural fluid (pleural effusion) may be:
transudates
exudates
this type of pleural fluid is seen in heart failure, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome
Transudates
this type of pleural fluid is seen in pneumonia, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, and pancreatitis
Exudates
types of coughing?
acute
subacute
chronic
name this type of cough?
o Lasts less than 3 weeks
o Causes by: viral upper respiratory infection, acute bronchitis, left sided heart failure, foreign body, smoking, and ace inhibitor therapy
Acute
name this type of cough?
o 3-8 weeks
o Caused by: post-infectious cough, pertussis, acid reflux, bacterial sinusitis, and asthma
Subacute
name this type of cough?
o More than 8 weeks
o Caused by: post-nasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis
Chronic
how can we describe mucous?
Mucoid
Purulent
Foul smelling
Thick Tenacious
name the sputum?
Seen in cystic fibrosis and viral infection
Mucoid: translucent, white/gray
name the sputum?
Seen in bacterial pneumonia; in large amounts may be bronchiectasis or lung abscess
Purulent: yellow or green
name the sputum?
Anaerobic lung abscess
Foul smelling
name the sputum?
Cystic fibrosis
Thick Tenacious
name this symptom
o Causes: bronchitis, malignancy, cystic fibrosis; and less commonly bronchiectasis, mitral stenosis, Goodpasture syndrome and Wegener
granulomatosis
o Blood originating in stomach will be darker than blood from lungs
Hemoptysis: coughing up blood
Palpable vibrations transmitted through bronchopulmonary tree to chest wall as the PT speaks
tactile fremitus
Soft voice, obstructed bronchus, COPD, Pleural Effusion, Tumor, Pneumothorax, Thick chest wall
Causes for decrease in tactile fremitus
Lobar pneumonia
Causes for increase
in tactile fremitus
name the thorax diameter?
Ratio is around 0.7 all the way up to 0.9 and increases with age
Normal Adult
name the thorax diameter?
Increased AP diameter
Barrel Chest
name the thorax diameter?
Depression in lower portion of sternum
Funnel Chest
name the thorax diameter?
Sternum is displaced anteriorly → increased AP diameter
Pigeon Chest (pectus carinatum)
name the thorax diameter?
Abnormal curvatures and vertebral orientation deform the chest
Distortion of underlying lungs may make interpretation of lung findings difficult
Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis
name the thorax diameter?
Leads to paradoxical movements
From rib fractures
Traumatic Flail
name this breath sound?
heard over lungs; soft, relatively low pitched, and inspiratory sound lasts longer than expiratory
Vesicular
name this breath sound?
heard in 2nd ICS anteriorly and between scapulae; intermediate sound and pitch, inspiratory and expiratory equal
Bronchovesicular
name this breath sound?
heard over manubrium; loud, relatively high pitched, and expiratory lasts longer than inspiratory
Bronchial
name this breath sound?
heard over trachea; very loud, relatively high pitched, and inspiratory and expiratory equal
Tracheal
