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MT6328 > S1 [LEC]: URINALYSIS (Specimen collection + Physical examination) > Flashcards

S1 [LEC]: URINALYSIS (Specimen collection + Physical examination) Flashcards

1
Q

The beginning of laboratory medicine started with ___ wherein drawings of ___ and ___ where found

A

Analyzing urine
Cavemen
Egyptian hieroglyphics

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2
Q

In 5th century BC, ___ wrote a book on “uroscopy”

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

In ___, color charts have been developed that described the significance of 20 different color of urine

A

1140 CE

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4
Q

In 1694, ___ discovered albuminuria by boiling urine

A

Frederick Dekkers

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5
Q

In 1925, ___ developed methods quantitating microscopic sediments

A

Thomas Addis

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6
Q

In 1827, ___ introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination

A

Richard Bright

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7
Q

Ultrafiltrate of the plasma

A

Urine

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8
Q

Urine is ___% water and ___% solute

A

95
5

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9
Q

The organic components of urine include:

A

Urea
Creatinine
Uric Acid

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10
Q

The inorganic compounds of urine include:

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Phosphate
Ammonium
Calcium

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11
Q

Normal daily urine output

A

1200 to 1500 mL
600 to 2000 mL

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12
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

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13
Q

Volume of urine output to be classified as oliguria

A

<0.5 mL/kg/hr in children; <400 mL/day in adult

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14
Q

Cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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15
Q

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine

A

Nocturia

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16
Q

Increase in the daily urine volume

A

Polyuria

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17
Q

Volume of urine output to be classified as polyuria

A

> 2.5 L/day in adult;
2.5 to 3 mL/lg/day in children

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18
Q

In diabetes mellitus, the specific gravity of urine is ___

A

High

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19
Q

In diabetes insipidus, the specific gravity of urine is ___

A

Low

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20
Q

Give two conditions that cause polyuria

A

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus

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21
Q

Recommended capacity of urinalysis collection container

A

50 mL

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22
Q

Volume of urine specimen needed for analysis

A

12 mL

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23
Q

Specimen should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within ___

A

2 hours

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24
Q

Preservative for cherry red/ yellow preservative plus tube

A

Sodium propionate

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25
Q

Preservative for drug analysis

A

Sodium fluoride

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26
Q

In case of delay, specimens should be at ___ temperature or have an appropriate chemical preservative added

A

2-8C

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27
Q

Normal color of urine

A

Yellow

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28
Q

T/F: Any color of urine is accepted to be examined

A

True

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29
Q

Pigment of the urine:

Yellow

A

Urochrome

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30
Q

Pigment of the urine:

Pink

A

Uroerythrin

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31
Q

Pigment of the urine:

Orange-brown

A

Urobilin

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32
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Recent fluid consumption

A

Colorless or pale yellow

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33
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Commonly observed with random specimens

A

Colorless

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34
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Polyuria or diabetes insipidus

A

Pale yellow

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35
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Diabetes mellitus

A

Pale yellow

36
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Diluted random specimen

A

Pale yellow

37
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Increased 24-hour volume and low specific gravity

A

Pale yellow

38
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Elevated specific gravity and positive glucose test result

A

Pale yellow

39
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Concentrated specimen

A

Dark yellow

40
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

May be normal after strenous exercise or in first morning specimen

A

Dark yellow

41
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

B complex vitamins

A

Dark yellow

42
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Dehydration

A

Dark yellow

43
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Fever or burns

A

Dark yellow

44
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Bilirubin

A

Dark yellow

45
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Acriflavine

A

Dark yellow

46
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Nitrofurantoin

A

Dark yellow

47
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Antibiotic administered for UTI

A

Dark yellow

48
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Phenazopyridine (pyridium)

A

Orange-yellow

49
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Phenindione

A

Orange-yellow

50
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

A

Yellow-green

51
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Pseudomonas infection

A

Green

52
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Amitriptyline

A

Blue-green

53
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

A

Blue-green

54
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Clorets

A

Blue-green

55
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Indican

A

Blue-green

56
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Methylene blue

A

Blue-green

57
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Oxidized phenol

A

Blue-green

58
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

RBCs (hematuria)

A

Pink

59
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Hemoglobin

A

Red

60
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Myoglobin

A

Red

61
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Beets

A

Red

62
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Rifampin

A

Red

63
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Menstrual contamination

A

Red

64
Q

T/F: When there are hemoglobin and myoglobin in the blood, the urine is expected to be turbid or milky

A

False (clear)

65
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Porphyrins

A

Port win red

66
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

RBCs (or myoglobin) oxidized to methemoglobin

A

Red-brown

67
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Homogentisic acid

A

Brown or black

68
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Malignant melanoma

A

Black

69
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Melanin

A

Black

70
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Phenol derivatives

A

Black

71
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Argyrol

A

Black

72
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Methyldopa or Levodopa

A

Black

73
Q

Give the expected color of the urine:

Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Black

74
Q

Also known as urine transparency

A

Clarity

75
Q

Freshly voided normal urine is usually ___

A

Clear

76
Q

If there are no squamous epithelial cells in a urine specimen, the sample is possibly ___

A

Adulterated

77
Q

Translucent threadlike structures found in the urine

A

Mucus

78
Q

Non-pathologic cause of urine turbidity that precipitates when refrigerated or when the patient is dehydrated

A

Amorphous phosphates
Carbonates
Urates

79
Q

A fecal contamination in the urine requires ___

A

Repeat collection

80
Q

Specific gravity of radiographic contrast media that causes non-pathologic turbidity in the urine sample

A

1.035 to 1.040

81
Q

Direct methods for determining specific gravity

A

Urinometer
Harmonic Oscillation Densitometer

82
Q

Indirect methods for determining specific gravity

A

Reagent strip
Refractometer

83
Q

Specific gravity of urine classified as isosthenuric

A

1.010

84
Q

Specific gravity of urine classified as hyposthenuric

A

<1.010

85
Q

Specific gravity of urine classified as hypersthenuric

A

> 1.010

MT6328 (6 decks)

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