S1 [LAB]: PHYSICAL EXAM OF URINE Flashcards
Done by visually examining the mixed specimen while holding it in front of a light source
Clarity
Interpret urine clarity:
No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
Interpret urine clarity:
Few particulates, print easily seen through urine
Hazy
Interpret urine clarity:
Many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
Interpret urine clarity:
Print cannot be seen through uine
Turbid
Interpret urine clarity:
May precipitate or be clotted
Milky
Determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen by measuring the refractive index
Refractometer
Give the specific gravity:
Potassium sulfate
1.015
Give the specific gravity:
Distilled water
1.00
Give the specific gravity:
5% NaCl
1.022
Give the specific gravity:
9% Sucrose
1.034 +/- 0.001
Consists of a weighted float attached to a scale that has been calibrated in terms of urine specific gravity
Urinometer
Based on the principle that the frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution
Harmonic oscillation densitometry
___ is affected only by the number of particles present
Osmolality
In the reagent strip, the reaction is based on the change in ___ of a polyelectrolyte in an ___ medium
pKa
alkaline
An average adult can generally produce ___ mL of urine
600-2000 mL
Defined as the total volume of urine excreted in 24 hrs is less then 500 mL
Oliguria
___ and ___ are routinely determined at same time
Color
clarity
In using refractometer, temperature correction is not necessary but requires corrections for ___ and ___
glucose
protein
Increased colligative properties with dissolved solute
Boiling point, osmotic pressure
Decreased colligative properties with dissolved solute
Freezing point, vapor pressure
Indicator of specific gravity in reagent strip
Bromthymol blue
In reagent strip, the indicator changes from blue to ___ to ___ as specific gravity increases
shades of green to yellow
