S1 [LEC]: Microscopic exam of the Urine Flashcards
Centrifugation conditions for microscopic analysis of urine
400 RCF for 5 mins
Volume of urine after decantation
0.5 - 1.0 mL
Casts are first examined under what objective?
Low power
Point of reference of microscopic analysis
Epithelial cell
RBCs and WBCs are first examined under what objective?
High power
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
RBC
Purple
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
WBC
Purple
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Glitter cells
Light (pale) blue
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Motile bacteria
Unstained
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Non-motile bacteria
Purple
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Trichomonas vaginalis
Light blue green
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Fat inclusion cast
Fat globules in a pink matrix
This stain identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts
Sternheimer-Malbin Stain (Crystal violet + Safranin O)
This stain differentiates WBC and renal tubular epithelial cells
0.5% Toluidine blue
This stain distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeast, oil droplets, and crystals
2% acetic acid
T/F: 2% acetic acid cannot be used for initial sediment analysis because RBCs are lysed by acetic acid
True
This stain identify free fat droplets and lipid-containing cells and casts
Lipid stain
Triglycerides and neutral fats will stain ___, while cholesterol will stain ___
Orange-red
Unstained
This stain identifies bacterial casts
Gram stain
This stain identifies urinary eosinophils
Hansel stain
Finding of more than __ eosinophils is considered significant
1%
This stain identifies yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and casts
Prussian blue stain
Identify the microscope used:
For routine urinalysis
Bright-field
Identify the microscope used:
Enhances visualization of elements with low refractive indices, such as hyaline casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous threads, and Trichomonas
Phase-contrast
Identify the microscope used:
Aids in identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals
Polarizing
Identify the microscope used:
Aid in identification of Treponema pallidum
Dark-field
Identify the microscope used:
Allows visualization of naturally fluorescent microorganisms or those stained by a fluorescent dye including labeled antigens and antibodies
Fluorescence
Identify the microscope used:
Produces a three-dimensional microscopy image and layer-by-layer imaging of a speciment
Interference-contrast
Volume of urine centrifuged divided by the sediment volume equals the concentration factor
Sedimentation concentration factor
Probability of detecting elements present in low quantities
Sedimentation concentration factor
Used when quantitating the number of elements present per milliliter
Sedimentation concentration factor
Expected color using Sternheimer-Malbin stain:
Hyaline cast
Pale pink (purple)
This stain identifies bacterial casts confused as granular cast
Gram stain
Components of Hansel stain
Methylene blue and eosin Y
This stains structures containing iron
Prussian blue