S1 [LEC]: Chemical Exam of the Urine Flashcards by 3sha Ann

Q

Reagent strips are used within __ hour of urine collection

A

1 hour

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Q

Reagent strips are stored at what temperature?

A

RT, <30C

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Q

Normal pH level of first morning urine sample

A

5.0-6.0

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Q

pH range of a urine after a meal

A

Alkaline (called “alkaline tide”)

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Q

T/F: pH level in urine has no normal values assigned

A

True

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Q

pH range of random urine specimen

A

4.5-8.0

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Emphysema

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Diabetes mellitus

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Starvation

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Dehydration

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Diarrhea

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

E. coli

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

High-protein diet

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Cranberry juice

A

Acid

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Hyperventilation

A

Alkaline

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Vomiting

A

Alkaline

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Renal tubular acidosis

A

Alkaline

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Urea-producing bacteria

A

Alkaline

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Vegetarian diet

A

Alkaline

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Q

Tell whether the urine will be acidic or alkaline:

Old specimens

A

Alkaline

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Q

In pH determination using reagent strips, methyl red produces a color change from red to ___ in what pH range?

A

Yellow
4-6

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Q

In pH determination using reagent strips, bromothymol blue produces a color change from ___ to blue in what pH range?

A

Yellow
5-9

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Q

In pH determination using reagent strips, the color progress as ___ at pH 5

A

Orange

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Q

In pH determination using reagent strips, the color progress as ___ at pH 9

A

Deep blue

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T/F: No substances interfere with urinary pH measurements performed by reagent strips

True

The most indicative of renal disease

Protein

Often associated with early renal disease

Proteinuria

Normal amount of protein in the urine

<10 mg/dL or 100 mg/ 24 hrs

Tamm-Horsfall protein is also known as ___

Uromodulin

Uromodulin is produced in which structure?

Ascending loop of Henle

Clinical proteinuria is indicated at what level?

30 mg/dL or 300 mg/L

T/F: If a patient has a pre-renal proteinuria, it is almost certain that he has a renal disease

False

Protein found in multiple myeloma patient

Bence Jones protein

Classify the proteinuria: Pregnancy (preeclampsia)

Glomerular (Renal)

Classify the proteinuria: Development of diabetic nephropathy

Microalbuminuria (Renal)

Classify the proteinuria: Associated with an increased risk of CVD

Microalbuminuria (Renal)

Classify the proteinuria: Fanconi syndrome

Tubular (Renal)

Classify the proteinuria: Intravascular hemolysis

Pre-renal

Classify the proteinuria: Muscle injury

Pre-renal

Classify the proteinuria: APRs

Pre-renal

Classify the proteinuria: Multiple myeloma

Pre-renal

Classify the proteinuria: Toxic agents/ heavy metals

Tubular

Classify the proteinuria: Severe viral infections

Tubular

Classify the proteinuria: Glomerular disorders

Renal

Classify the proteinuria: Immune complex

Renal

Classify the proteinuria: Amyloidosis

Renal

Classify the proteinuria: Strenuous exercise

Renal

Classify the proteinuria: Hypertension

Renal

Classify the proteinuria: Lower UTI infection/ inflammation

Post-renal

Classify the proteinuria: Menstrual contamination

Post-renal

Classify the proteinuria: Vaginal secretions

Post-renal

In the reagent strip, this analyte is determine through the principle of protein error of indicators

Protein

The color for the negative result in the reagent strip for protein

Yellow

The color for the positive result in the reagent strip for protein

Blue-green

Effects of quaternary ammonium compounds, detergents, and antiseptics in protein reagent strip

False positive

Effect of visibly bloody urine in protein reagent strip

Falsely elevated

Effect of high specific gravity in protein reagent strip

False positive

The most frequent chemical analysis on urine

Glucose

T/F: For glucose determination, fasting before the collection of specimens is recommended

True

___ occurs in the absence of hyperglycemia when the reabsorption of glucose by the renal tubules is compromised

Glycosuria

This analyte utilizes a double sequential enzyme reaction in the reagent strip

Glucose

Effect of ascorbic acid in glucose determination

False negative

The copper reduction test for glucose is also known as ___

Clinitest tablet

Testing for this analyte is most valuable in managing and monitoring insulin-dependent DM

Ketones

Reagent used in ketone determination in a reagent strip

Sodium nitroprusside

Color of reagent strip if it is positive for ketone

Purple

Tablet test for ketones and is used as a confirmatory test for questionable reagent strip results

Acetest tablet

Chemical test for this analyte uses the pseudoperoxidase activity

Blood

Chromogen in blood determination in a reagent strip

Tetramethylbenzidine

The color of the reagent strip pad if it is negative for blood

Yellow

The color of the reagent strip pad if it is positive for blood

Green-blue

Effect of ascorbic acid in blood reagent strip

False negative

This analyte is used for hepatitis and cirrhosis

Bilirubin

Tablet test for bilirubin

Ictotest tablet

The pigment responsible for the characteristic brown color of feces

Urobilin

Urobilinogen uses ___ in which urobilinogen reacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

Erlich's reaction

In the reagent strip, urobilinogen color ranges from light to dark ___

Pink

Increased amounts of this analyte can be caused by liver disease and hemolytic disorders

Urobilinogen

The reagent strip test for which analyte provides a rapid screening test for the presence of UTI?

Nitrite

This analyte is valuable for detecting initial bladder infection or cystitis

Nitrite

The nitrite reagent strip uses what reaction?

Greiss reaction

In the nitrite reagent, strip, the positive result will be what color?

Pink

Indicator of specific gravity in the reagent strip

Bromothymol blue

A pH of ___ is associated with improperly preserved urine

8.5

Trace protein values are indicated at what level?

30 mg/dL

Which component of ketone is usually detected by reagent strips?

Acetoacetic acid

Which component of ketone is detected only with the addition of glycine?

Acetone