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MT6328 > S1 [LAB]: Tests for Albumin (Quantitative and Qualitative) > Flashcards

S1 [LAB]: Tests for Albumin (Quantitative and Qualitative) Flashcards

1
Q

In heat and acetic test of albumin determination, this is the buffering component important to prevent the formation of soluble acid and alkali albumates, and the precipitation of phosphates

A

Acetate

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2
Q

In heat and acetic test of albumin determination, precipitation of protein is done by adding ___

A

5% or 10% Acetic acid

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3
Q

In heat and acetic test of albumin determination, the specimen of choice is ___

A

First morning urine sample

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4
Q

Positive result for heat and acetic test of albumin determination

A

Cloudy solution

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5
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

No cloudiness

A

(-); Negative

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6
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Barely visible cloudiness

A

(+/-); Trace

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7
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Distinct cloudiness but non-granular against light with urine visible through it

A

(+); Positive

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8
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Distinct cloudiness, granular against light

A

(++); Positive

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9
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Heavy cloudiness with distinct floccule

A

(+++); Positive

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10
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Dense heavy clouds with large floccules, may solidify

A

(++++); Positive

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11
Q

In the Exton’s test of albumin determination, the specimen of choice is ___

A

Freshly voided/ random specimen

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12
Q

In the Exton’s test of albumin determination, the reagent used it ___

A

Sulfosalicylic acid
Sodium sulfate

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13
Q

In the Exton’s test of albumin determination, the positive result is ___

A

Cloudy solution

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14
Q

In the Heller’s test of albumin determination, the specimen of choice is ___

A

Freshly voided/ random urine

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15
Q

In the Heller’s test of albumin determination, the reagent used is ___

A

Concentrated nitric acid

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16
Q

In the Heller’s test of albumin determination, the positive result is the appearance of ___

A

Ring

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17
Q

In the Robert’s test of albumin determination, protein in urine samples is precipitated by ___ and ___

A

Magnesium sulfate
Nitric acid

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18
Q

In the Robert’s test of albumin determination, the specimen of choice is ___

A

First morning urine specimen

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19
Q

In the Robert’s test of albumin determination, the positive result is the appearance of ___

A

Ring

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20
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of ring appearance:

No ring at the point of contact

A

(-); Negative

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21
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Barely perceptible ring against a black background

A

(+/-); Trace

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22
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Ring is distinct against a black background and can be seen when held up to the light

A

(+); Positive

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23
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Ring is definite against light and faintly visible when viewed from above

A

(++); Positive

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24
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Ring is heavy against light and has distinct cloudiness when viewed from above

A

(+++); Positive

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25
Q

Give the grading in the qualitative determination of albumin in terms of turbidity:

Ring is thick and dense against light and opaque when viewed from above

A

(++++); Positive

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26
Q

The qualitative albumin determination method most often used in the laboratory

A

Exton’s/ Sulfosalicylic acid Test

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27
Q

In the Kwalecki’s modification of Esbach’s method of albumin determination, the used reagent is ___

A

Esbach’s rgt:
Picric acid
Citric acid

10% Ferric chloride

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28
Q

In the Kingsbury and Clark method of albumin determination, the reagent used is ___

A

3% Sulfosalicylic acid

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29
Q

Give the grading in the quantitative determination of albumin:

No definite flocculation; the cloud is distinguishable but not granular

A

(+); 0.01-0.03 gram%

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30
Q

Give the grading in the quantitative determination of albumin:

No definite flocculation; the cloud is distinct and granular

A

(++); 0.04-0.1 gram%

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31
Q

Give the grading in the quantitative determination of albumin:

Marked flocculation with dense cloud

A

(+++); 0.2-0.3 gram%

31
Q

Give the grading in the quantitative determination of albumin:

Heavy thick precipitate to solid mass

A

(++++); 0.5 gram% albumin or higher; 3 gram% boils solid

32
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Heat and Acetic Acid Test

A

Qualitative

33
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Exton’s/ Sulfosalicylic Acid Test

A

Qualitative

34
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Heller’s Test

A

Qualitative

35
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Robert’s Test

A

Qualitative

36
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Kwilecki’s modification of Esbach’s method

A

Quantitative

37
Q

Identify whether qualitative or quantitative albumin detection method:

Kingsbury and Clark method

A

Quantitative

38
Q

Normal amount of protein in the urine

A

1-14 mg/dL per day

39
Q

Molecular weight of protein that can readily pass through the kidney

A

<40 000 Dalton

40
Q

Fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by liver

41
Q

Protein component forming renal cast

A

Tamm-Horsfall
Uromodulin

42
Q

Immunoglobulin present in the renal tubular epithelia

A

Secretory IgA

43
Q

Presence/ high level of protein in the urine

A

Proteinuria

44
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Overflow of low molecular weight proteins

45
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Muscle injury

46
Q

Protein released in muscle injury

47
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Intravascular hemolysis

48
Q

Protein released during intravascular hemolysis

A

Hemoglobin

49
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Infection/ inflammation

50
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Multiple myeloma

51
Q

Proteins composed of immunoglobulin light chain in multiple myeloma patients

A

Bence Jones Proteins

52
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Defective glomerular filtration barrier

A

Glomerular

53
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Cancer

A

Glomerular

54
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Drug intake

A

Glomerular

55
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Tubules cannot regulate proteins to be reabsorbed

56
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Pyelonephritis

57
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Related to orthostatic proteinuria

58
Q

Identify the type of proteinuria:

Affected excretion

A

Post-renal

59
Q

A cold precipitation technique to determine the presence of proteins

A

Exton’s test

60
Q

T/F: Sulfosalicylic acid precipitates protein irreversibly

61
Q

Cause of (+) strip; (-) SSA in albumin determination that is false positive to the strip

A

Alkaline urine without albumin

62
Q

Cause of (+) strip; (-) SSA in albumin determination that is false negative to SSA

A

Alkaline urine with albumin

63
Q

Cause of (-) strip; (+) SSA in albumin determination that is false positive to the strip

A

Presence of other proteins

64
Q

Resolution for (+) strip; (-) SSA in albumin determination

A

Acidify the urine

65
Q

Resolution for (-) strip; (+) SSA in albumin determination

A

Centrifuge and get the sediments

66
Q

T/F: In Heller’s test of albumin determination, the urine needs to be centrifuged

67
Q

In the Kingsbury and Clark method of albumin determination, the preferred specimen is ___

A

24-hour urine

68
Q

T/F: In Kingsbury and Clark Method of albumin determination, the urine needs to be centrifuged

69
Q

T/F: All precipitation tests must be performed on centrifuged specimen

70
Q

T/F: In the SSA precipitation test, the mixture is heated to allow optimal turbidity visualization

71
Q

Concentration of sulfosalicylic acid in SSA precipitation test

74
Q

In Kwilecki’s quantification method of Albumin, the reagent and urine mixture is heated in a water bath at what conditions?

A

72C for 5 minutes

76
Q

In Kingsbury and Clark method of albumin determination, the reagent and urine mixture is allowed to stand for how long?

MT6328 (16 decks)

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