S1 [LAB]: URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTION Flashcards
Capacity of urinalysis containers
50 mL
Required volume of urine
more than or equal to 12 mL
Tube used for physical examination of urine
Conical tube or Wasserman tube
Maximum waiting time for a fresh urine sample
2 hours
Effect of oxidation or reduction of metabolites in unpreserved urine
Modified/ darkened color
Effect of bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material in unpreserved urine
Decreased clarity
Effect of multiplication of bacteria or bacterial breakdown of urea to ammonia in unpreserved urine
Increased odor
Effect of glycolysis and bacterial utilization in unpreserved urine
Decreased glucose
Effect of volatilization and bacterial metabolism in unpreserved urine
Decreased ketones
Effect of exposure to light oxidation in unpreserved urine
Decreased bilirubin
Effect of disintegration in dilute alkaline urine in unpreserved urine
Decreased blood cells and casts
The refrigeration of urine samples causes precipitation of ___
amorphous crystals
T/F: Refrigerated urine samples must return back to room temperature first before testing
T
T/F: Bactericidal preservatives are preferred as they inhibit urease and preserves formed elements in urine samples
T
Type of urine specimen:
Most common type recevied
Random specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Routine screening for obvious abnormalities
Random specimen
Type of urine specimen:
May be collected any time
Random specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Dietary intake and activity may alter results
Random specimen
T/F: In random urine specimen, patients may have to collect a follow-up specimen
T
Type of urine specimen:
Ideal screening specimen
First morning specimen
Type of urine specimen:
More concentrated than a random specimen
First morning specimen
In first morning specimen, the patient is in ___ state
Basal
Type of urine specimen:
Used for orthostatic protein confirmation and urine pregnancy tests
First morning specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Preferred in pregnancy tests and avoids false negatives
First morning specimen
Type of urine specimen:
For glucose monitoring in diabetes patients
Fasting specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Actually is second specimen voided - collected after the first morning specimen
Fasting specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Monitors insulin therapy
2-hour postprandial specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Results can be compared with fasting urine specimen and blood test results
2-hour postprandial specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Institutional option for collection with blood glucose tolerance test - not frequently done
Glucose tolerance specimen
T/F: The glucose tolerance specimens are collected at the same intervals as the blood samples
T
Type of urine specimen:
Used to correlate renal threshold with patient’s ability to metabolize glucose
Glucose tolerance specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Required for quantitative results
24-hour (timed) specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Needed for measuring substances with diurnal variation and substances that vary with meals, activity, and body metabolism
24-hour (timed) specimen
Most common tests where catheterized specimens are used
Culture and sensitivity
Type of urine specimen:
Alternative to catheterized specimen
Midstream clean-catch specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Less contaminated than routine collection
Midstream clean-catch specimen
Type of urine specimen:
Completely free of contamination for culture and cytology
Suprapubic aspiration
Type of urine specimen:
Also called the 3-glass collection
Prostatitis specimen
The first container in the 3-glass collection contains ___
first urine passed
The second container in the 3-glass collection contains ___
midstream urine
The third container in the 3-glass collection contains ___
remaining urine and prostatic fluid
Which container is used in quantitative cultures in the 3-glass collection?
All 3 specimens
Which container is used in microscopic WBC examination in the 3-glass collection?
1 and 3
Which container is used as a control for bladder or kidney infection in the 3-glass collection?
2
T/F: Positive culture in specimen 2 invalidates positive culture in specimen 3
T
Type of urine specimen:
Soft, clear plastic bags, with hypoallergenic tape applied to genital area
Pediatric specimens
Optimal temperature for urine preservation
2-8C
The yellow pigment in the urine is the ___
Urochrome
Aside from urochrome, other urine pigments such as ___ and ___ (pink) also contribute to urine color formation
Urobilin
Uroerythrin
Refers to the transparency and turbidity of a urine specimen
Clarity
The density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature
Specific gravity
Measurement of specific gravity is used in the evaluation of ___
renal tubular function
Normal specific gravity of a normal random urine specimen
1.002 - 1.035
A specific gravity of ___ can indicate that it is not urine
<1.002
T/F: Urine volume is usually not taken into account in urinalysis unless required by the physician
T
T/F: Urine first undergoes routine examination before culturing
F
In pediatric specimens, bags with tubes to a larger container are available for ___ specimens
timed
Documentation from the time of specimen collection until the time of receipt of laboratory results; standardized form always accompanies specimen
Chain of custody
In drug specimen collection, temperature should be taken within ___ minutes and must be at ___C
4 mins
32.5-37.7C
The most routinely used method of preservation
Refrigeration at 2-8C
If the urine is to be cultured, it should be refrigerated during transit and kept refrigerated until cultured up to ___
24 hours
Catheterized specimen is most commonly requested in what test?
Bacterial culture
In prostatic infection, the third specimen in the three-glass collection will have a WBC of how much compared to the first specimen?
10x
In the Stamey-Mears test for Prostatitis, which specimen is used for urethral infection or inflammation?
VB1
In the Stamey-Mears test for Prostatitis, which specimen is used for urinary bladder infection?
VB2
