Rural KQ3 Flashcards
How can land use change?
Building developments
Pastoral - arable farming - increasing soil erosion
What issues do congestion and pollution cause?
Increase in gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides that damage the environment
What is land degradation?
Happens in areas of high population pressure
Declining quality of land = declining yields
Vegetation may be removed
What are the issues with water pollution?
Water quality declines due to an increased use of fertilisers, illegal dumping and soil erosion
Can lead to decreased biodiversity
What are the issues with rural dereliction?
Farm building become derelict - littering and polluting the countryside with machinery and buildings
Area looks neglected
What are the positive environmental changes in East Anglia?
Food production ahs increased by 200%
Field size has tripled
Some areas self sufficient
What are the negative environmental changes in East Anglia?
Urban sprawl
Rise of car use which takes away land for roads like M11
Farm land is under pressure
Rural towns grow due to commuter
What are the positive socio economic changes in East Anglia?
Farms can grow more food - meaning more money
Jobs created by the growth in area - Stansted employs more people and people live in EA and commute
What are the negative socio economic changes in East Anglia?
Machines replaced men in agricultural work
Jobs lost
People needed to leave agriculture
Explain the land use change in East Anglia?
Thousands of KM of hedgerows have been lost - farm amalgamation, increase in arable specialisation decline in livestock farming, mechanisation
Loss of ancient woodland, lowland heath and wetlands
Explain Northstowe?
£30 million project to develop a new town between Longstanton and Oakington
10,000 homes may be built
With facilities like £1.5 million community centre, £18 million primary and secondary school and a £2.6 million sports facilities
What are the positives to come out of the Northstowe development?
Economic - encourage inward investment for jobs and affordable housing built
Social - new community / wide range of facilities and services / affordable housing / attractive features
Environmental - drainage ditches and 2 large balancing ponds to minimise the threat of floods
What are the negatives to come out of Northstowe?
Economic - £30 million (very expensive) / a lot of money spent on services - £18m on just schools / dormitory settlement
Social - 1st stage of the development there will be no infrastructure and be a dormitory settlement (not good for residents
Environmental - 10,000 homes and facilities will ruin the habitats / worsen the situation of flooding in Northstowe and surrounding areas / pressure on roads - expansion = even less land
What is the Common Agricultural Policy?
It is an EU policy and supports farmers and food production
Can cause environmental concerns as it promoting sustainable agriculture
The farmers have to meet certain requirements to gain the payments - repair walls, use less fertilisers etc.
What is set-a-side?
Reduce overproduction of certain crops - accounts for 5% of arable land in the East of England
Causes issues as farmers have to leave some of their land fallow (do nothing)
What is the Environmental Stewardship Scheme?
Rewards for farmers that are conserving and enhancing their environment - evidence that they have tried to conserve biodiversity or historic environments
What is a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone?
Covers 55% of England
Where farmers apply small amounts of nitrates and receive financial compensations for lower yields and incomes if they comply with regulations
Explain the Chambers Farm case study?
4 crops grown in rotation method Prices are not stable Receiving money from govt schemes Sell land for bird protection Located in a Nitrate Vulnerable zone
Why is it difficult to manage agricultural change?
Demand for food is higher meaning there is an increasing use of fertilisers
Moving agriculture - degradation elsewhere
Increasing CO2 emissions
Increased demand = lower prices = lower income for farmers
Public funding
Moral issues of importing when the countries cant feed their own populations
What are the issues in Wicken Fen?
15km squared wetland nature reserve - Litter Footpath erosion Disturbance of wildlife breeding Traffic congestion Parking Conflict with local residents
What are the management solutions in Wicken Fen?
Picnic sites with bins
Board Walks - restrict the access - only certain areas
Education - visitors told how to behave in the reserve
Bird Hides - specific sites set up for the breeding of birds
New walking and cycling route and public buses
What are the issues in the Norfolk Broads?
Litter River bank erosion - channel siltation Disturbance Traffic and congestion Noise disturbance Killer shrimps - limiting wildlife development
What are the management solutions in the Norfolk Broads?
Picnic sites with bins
Speed restrictions
Zoning to keep boats away from fragile areas
Education
Flood defences - erosion of banks
Improve public transport
“check, clean and dry” helps prevent the spreading of killer shrimps
