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mock revision psychology > runover of research methods > Flashcards

runover of research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

control

A

other then IV, all other extranous varibales are held constant
so any thing manipulationg DV is the UV

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2
Q

randomsiation

A

randomlly allockating particpants to different conditions if IV

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3
Q

standardisation

A

all participants have exact same experince
have standardised procedure and standardisted instructions

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4
Q

lab experiment

A

done in lab setting
where there is high control over varibales

ADV-ROC
replicable
objective
can establish cause and effect

Dis-
lacks ecological validity
demand charctersrics

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5
Q

field experiment

A

more natural enviroment
IV can still be mainpulated

ADV-high ecological validity
demand charctersitics

DIS-not replicable

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6
Q

natural experiment

A

experimenter cannot chnage is taken advantage of

adv- no demand characteristics
high ecological valisity

dis-not replicable
cannot establish cause and effect

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7
Q

quasi experiment

A

iv and DV naturally occuring
can be done in lab or field

adv-easily replicable

dis-lacks ecological vlaidity
harder to establish cause and effect

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8
Q

aim

A

precise statemnt of why study taking place

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9
Q

hypothesis

A

more precise then aim
makes prediction of what will happen
testable statment of relationship between 2 variables

2 types
experimental-perdcists what will happen during experimnal method
null-states iv will have no effect on dv

2 types of experimental methods
directional (one tailed)-states diraction between vairbales
more specific
non-directional(two tailed)-does not state direction less specific
used normally wehn past research not been done or not been done very well

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10
Q

experimntal designs

A

R
I
M

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11
Q

repeated measures-lab
independent groups-field
matched pairs-quasi/natural

A
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12
Q

repeated measures

A

where all partcipants part of all conditions of the experiment
adv
particpant varibale is controlled
need to use fewer particopants(less time to recruit them)

dis
may act different as have to do at least two tasks

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13
Q

independent groups

A

particpants placed into groups
each group represents one condition of eperiment

adv-order of effects not an issue
less liekly to guess aims

dis-less economical

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14
Q

matched pairs design

A

participants matched based on same characteristics
then put into different conditions of the experiment

adv-only take part of one conditoon so order effects and demand charcetristics less of problem

dis-may be time consuming

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15
Q

counterbalancing

A

way to reduce order of effects
have hlaf doing one condition first then other does the same second

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16
Q

randomsitaion

A

randomly ordering trials
randomly allocated to do one condition or another

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17
Q

etthical guidelines

A

D
I
P
P

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18
Q

deception

A

delibertly witholding info from particpants at any stage of investigation

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19
Q

informed consent

A

making aprticipants aware of aims of research, the proecuderes etc

particpant should get consent letter to sign that there ok with procedures

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20
Q

preotection of ps from harm

A

partciapnts should not be placed at any more risk then therir daily lives

should be given full debreif at end of study

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21
Q

privcy confidentiality

A

partcipants should have right to control info about themselves
risght of privay

personal details should be prottected

22
Q

correlations

A

measuring strength and direction of relationship between 2 variable
+0.1=positive correlation
-0.1=negative correlation
no correlation=0

23
Q

quesionaires

A

method of data collection

24
Q

closed questions

A

have fixed number of repsonses

25
Q

open questions

A

no fixed rnage of answers
respondents can asnwer the way they wish

26
Q

adv of questionaires

A

can be distrubtueted to large groups of people
straightforward to analyse

27
Q

dis of questionairs

A

might want to presnt themselves in psotive light so wont answer truthfully
can produce response bias-

28
Q

peer review

A

way of checking credability of research
assessing quality and approriaptness of design

29
Q

quantitive data

A

numbers

adv-easy to analyse and gather
dis-participants cant elaborate answers

30
Q

qualtative data

A

subjective and reponsend can ealbaroate
adv-repsondent can elabroate
dis-subjective can be unreliable

31
Q

primary data

A

first hand data
may be collected by questionairs or surveys

32
Q

secondary data

A

already been published e.g reports, websites , boooks

33
Q

mata-analysis

A

reesrahc method where primary data from other studies is reanlsied
uses secondary research

34
Q

mean

A

adding up all numbers then dividing it by amount of scores

adv-most represnative
takes into account all numbers

dis-can easily be distorted by exterme values

35
Q

median

A

middle value of data set
listen from smallest to biggest

adv-easy to calculate

dis-less sesnsitv ethen mean as not all scores are included

36
Q

mode

A

most commonly used value

adv-may be the only one that can be used
dis-may be no mode if all values are different

37
Q

range

A

looks at both exterme values highest to lowest

38
Q

standard deviation

A

sophisticated way of disperion
how far all values in data set are from mean
lower the standard deviation, closer the scores are to mean, indicsting particpants repsonded in simialr way to IV

39
Q

postive scewed distribution

A

where data is concentrates to left of graph resulting in long tail to right

40
Q

negaitve scewed distribution

A

where data concetrates to right of grpah resulting in long tail to left

41
Q

noraml distrubtion

A

symetrical

42
Q

scewed distribtuion

A

non symmetrical

43
Q

nominal data

A

data that is seperate in non numerical categories

44
Q

ordinal data

A

data that is numberical and can be ordered in some way

45
Q

interval data

A

where there are equal intervals on measuremnt scale

46
Q

3 questions you have to ask to find critical value

A

tailed or non tailed
significance level
number of partcipants

47
Q

d=relsitonshipn between critical value and calcualted value

A

critical value must be equal to or below calculated value to be significant

48
Q

A03 for cogntive neuroscience

A

Ecological vlaidity
Machine reustionism

49
Q

wekaness-lacks ecological validity

A

many experiments of cogntive approach based in lab
does not mimic what happens in real world
e.g memory tests do not use brain for same functions of memory in real world
remebring memory list is not relaistic
wekaness as conveys argument that cognitive approach lacks real life application adn low external velaidity

50
Q

weakness-machine reductionism

A

computer analogy analogy ignores influence of human emotion and motivation on the cogntivt system, how this may affect our ability to process information

51
Q

humanistic approach

A

differes from most other appraoches in psychholgy
focuses on concsipus experience rather then behaviour
on free will rather then determinism

mock revision psychology (17 decks)

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