Ruminants 6 Flashcards
What options with fracture?
- External coaptation -> casting.splinting
- Internal fixation -> expensive , high failure rate
Who doesn’t respond well to external coaptation?
goats
Applying cast ?
Re-alignment
Padding to prevent sores
Conforming dressing
Casting
Include wire to remove*
Cast joints either side of the fracture
Fracture management depends on ?
Indication for Digital amp?
- Deep digital sepsis
- Toe necrosis
- Trauma
Detail Deep Digital Sepsis?
Detail digital amp ?
Anaesthesia analgesia, ABs & restraint for digital amp?
Steps to digital amputation?
Post-op care digital amp?
- Change bandages every 48 hours
- Complete healthy granulation tissue has
formed - Antibiotic therapy for minimum 5 days
- Repeat NSAIDs as required
- Keep inside to careful monitoring
- Clean environment
Complications for digital amputation?
- Haemorrhage
- Infection
- Ischaemia and sloughing
- Prognosis guarded
- Case selection AND
- Post-operative care
Indications for supernumerary teat removal?
- Obstruction at milking
- Greater risk of liner slip
- Cosmetic
When is supernumerary teats removed?
- Performed in young calves, at disbudding?
- After 2 months old local anaesthetic required
Teat removal under what acts?
- (Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act 1954,
as amended) - Must be performed by vet
- (Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, as amended)
Teat lacerations?
common - standing on it
Pre-op consideration with teat lacerations?
- Full v’s partial thickness
- Consider amputation
- Age of wound
- Canal patency?
- Interruption to blood supply
- Vertical V’s horizontal laceration
Medical / conservative tx for teat lacerations?
- Teat cannular & break from milking
- Second intention healing
- Antibiotic
Surgical repair for teat lacerations?
- Debride necrotic tissue
- Three layer closure for full thickness
laceration - NSAID/Antibiotic
how to surgically repair teat lacerations?
Ring block local anaesthetic
Leg of affected side lifted in a crush for access
Passive drainage using teat cannula for 2 days after surgery
Indication for teat amp?
- Teat injury
- Chronic mastitis
*Allows drainage - Three quarters
Approach for teat amputation?
*Ring block
*Cow leg raised in crush
* Torniquet required for haemostasis
Complications/aftercare for teat amp?
*Haemorrhage
* Infection
*Antibiotics
*Flushing depending on cause
Describe entropion?
- In-turned eyelid
- Hereditary problems in sheep (carried by the
Ram) - Secondary corneal ulceration
Tx of entropion depends on?
Severity ->
- Roll eyelid
- Injection into eyelid
- Surgical excision of strip of skin
Medications aroudn entropion tx?
- Local anaesthesia +/- sedation
- Analgesia- NSAID
- Antibiotic- Antibiotic topical eye ointment
Enucleation indications?
Neoplasia
* Squamous cell carcinoma of
third eyelid – Hereford
Infection
* Intractable uveitis
* Severe ulceration
Injury
* Globe rupture
* Penetrating injury
Pre-op considerations Enulceation?
- Anaesthesia
Local infiltration
4- point Retrobulbar block
Peterson block
Deep sedation/GA - Analgesia
NSAID - Antibiotics
What properties would they need? - Restraint
Crush, head collar, deep standing sedation
GA
Casting restraint
Enucleation steps?
Tail amputation indications?
Traumatic injury
Ischaemic injury (tail tape, faecal build up)
Paralysis (to prevent injury)
Complications Tail amputation ?
Swelling
Haemorrhage
Infection
Wound breakdown
Osteomyelitis
STEPS to tail amputation?
