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VMS 4001 > Ruminants 4 > Flashcards

Ruminants 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Castration - what techniques when?

A
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2
Q

Describe how elastrator bands work?

A
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3
Q

How are Burdizzos used ? & who can do it?

A

Ease of use
* Require no training or expertise
* Can be performed by farmers up to 2 months

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4
Q

What does Burdizzos do?

A

Bloodless castration ) crushing of sperm cord and blood vessels

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5
Q

When would u use burdizos?

A

Don’t want an open wound due to poor hygiene?

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6
Q

Complications of Burdizzos?

A
  • Failure to occlude the BVs
  • Accidental crushing of the urethra
  • Sloughing of crotal skin
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7
Q

What pre-op considerations with surgical castration?

A
  • Appropriate method for patient?
  • Anaesthesia -> local procaine infiltration 5-40mls
  • Analgesia - NSAID Meloxicam
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8
Q

Restraint for surgical castration?

A
  • Crush, additional restraint from farmer
  • Tail held directly upwards
  • Sedation? (in mature bulls, aggressive or difficult to handle animals (xylazine IV/IM)
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9
Q

Describe surgical castration method?

A
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10
Q

Surgical castrate steps 1-3 ?

A
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11
Q

Surgical castrate steps 4-6?

A
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12
Q

Sheep and goats pre-op considerations?

A
  • Anaesthesia
  • Local procaine infiltration
  • Analgesia
  • Little/no licenced product
  • Meloxicam 1ml/20Kg (twice cattle dose)
  • Restraint
  • Young animals are easier to hold
  • Older animals require sedation/GA
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13
Q

General considerations with castration of Sheep & goats?

A
  • Large testicular to bodyweight ration
  • Large vasculature
  • Higher likelihood of herniation
  • GA/Sedation risk
  • Pet animals
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14
Q

T/F you need more local in sheep and goats?

A

FALSE - more sensitive to local - small amounts toxic to goats

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15
Q

PRe-op castrate considerations pig?

A
  • Anaesthesia
  • Surgical castration
    without local allowed
    up to 7 days
  • > 7days vet procedure
    with anaesthesia
  • Analgesia
  • Meloxicam 1ml/50Kg
  • Can be difficult in very
    small piglets
  • Restraint
  • Easy in young piglets
  • Impossible in
    older/adult animals
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16
Q

General considerations of Pig castrates?

A
  • VET safety
  • Herniation- high risk
  • GA/sedation required
    in adults
  • Closed castration?
17
Q

Why do we do Vasecomies?

A

to produce teaser males

18
Q

Pre-op considerations for vasectomy?

A
  • Anaesthesia
  • Local infiltration using Procaine
  • Lumbosacral epidural- also immobilise hindlimbs
  • Analgesia
  • NSAID as castrate
  • Antibiotic usage?
  • Restraint
  • Require the ram to be tipped up
  • Sedation/GA
19
Q

Vasectomy method? (1-10)

A
  1. Infiltration around cord and subcutaneously at site of incision
  2. Surgical preparation of the incision site and surgeon
  3. Incise the medial scrotal skin over the spermatic cord
  4. Identify and exteriorise spermatic cord
  5. Identify vas deferens
  6. Create small incision into tunica
  7. Exteriorise length of vas deferens (minimum 3cm)
  8. Clamp and cut at each end of the vas
  9. Anchor one end (Proximal?) to reduce the risk of re-canalisation
  10. Close
20
Q

Post op advice for vasectomy?

A

Could be fertile for up to 6 weeks after procedure?
* Some evidence to suggest they are infertile after 2 weeks
* Could semen test before use to confirm

21
Q

Complications of vasectomy?

A
  • Infection
  • Herniation
  • Haemorrhage
  • Recanalization and misalliance
  • Testicular atrophy
22
Q

Urolithiasis ?

A

Predominantly affects small ruminants but could affect cattle
* Calcium, magnesium, ammonium, phosphate

23
Q

Risk factors of urolithiasis?

A

Early castration, high BCS, high concentrate diet, inadequate water intake

24
Q

what does urolithiasis cause & where?

A

obstruction to urethra (sigmoid flexure / Verminiform appendage) +/_ bladder rupture

25
Q

CLS of urolithiasis?

A

Discomfort/colic, dry prepuce, kicking at abdomen,
inappetence, pulsating urethra on rectal exam

26
Q

Diagnostics of urolithiasis?

A

Ultrasound examination of bladder-large/presence of
uroliths

27
Q

Pathogenesis of urolithiasis?

A
28
Q

Medical tx of urolithiasis?

A

➢ Rehydration
➢ Smooth muscle relaxant- Buscopan
➢ NSAIDs
➢ Urinary acidification- Ammonium chloride
➢ Nutritional management

29
Q

Surgical tx of urolithiasis? (increasingly invasive order)

A
  • Amputation of urethral appendage
  • Perineal urethrostomy
  • Cystotomy
  • Bladder marsupialisation
    (prepubic cystotomy)
30
Q

Pre-op considerations of urolithiasis surgery ?

A
31
Q

Complications of urolithiasis surgery?

A

Complication rate high
Bladder rupture
Infection- cystitis.
Urethritis
Recurrent obstruction
Urine scald
Anaesthetic
complications

32
Q

Post op care & advice urolithiasis surgery?

A

Varies with treatment option
High rate of reoccurance
High intensity nursing care,
long term hospitalisation
Care of skin/prevention of
urine scald
DIET CONTROL

VMS 4001 (26 decks)

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