Ruminants 4 Flashcards
Castration - what techniques when?
Describe how elastrator bands work?
How are Burdizzos used ? & who can do it?
Ease of use
* Require no training or expertise
* Can be performed by farmers up to 2 months
What does Burdizzos do?
Bloodless castration ) crushing of sperm cord and blood vessels
When would u use burdizos?
Don’t want an open wound due to poor hygiene?
Complications of Burdizzos?
- Failure to occlude the BVs
- Accidental crushing of the urethra
- Sloughing of crotal skin
What pre-op considerations with surgical castration?
- Appropriate method for patient?
- Anaesthesia -> local procaine infiltration 5-40mls
- Analgesia - NSAID Meloxicam
Restraint for surgical castration?
- Crush, additional restraint from farmer
- Tail held directly upwards
- Sedation? (in mature bulls, aggressive or difficult to handle animals (xylazine IV/IM)
Describe surgical castration method?
Surgical castrate steps 1-3 ?
Surgical castrate steps 4-6?
Sheep and goats pre-op considerations?
- Anaesthesia
- Local procaine infiltration
- Analgesia
- Little/no licenced product
- Meloxicam 1ml/20Kg (twice cattle dose)
- Restraint
- Young animals are easier to hold
- Older animals require sedation/GA
General considerations with castration of Sheep & goats?
- Large testicular to bodyweight ration
- Large vasculature
- Higher likelihood of herniation
- GA/Sedation risk
- Pet animals
T/F you need more local in sheep and goats?
FALSE - more sensitive to local - small amounts toxic to goats
PRe-op castrate considerations pig?
- Anaesthesia
- Surgical castration
without local allowed
up to 7 days - > 7days vet procedure
with anaesthesia - Analgesia
- Meloxicam 1ml/50Kg
- Can be difficult in very
small piglets - Restraint
- Easy in young piglets
- Impossible in
older/adult animals
General considerations of Pig castrates?
- VET safety
- Herniation- high risk
- GA/sedation required
in adults - Closed castration?
Why do we do Vasecomies?
to produce teaser males
Pre-op considerations for vasectomy?
- Anaesthesia
- Local infiltration using Procaine
- Lumbosacral epidural- also immobilise hindlimbs
- Analgesia
- NSAID as castrate
- Antibiotic usage?
- Restraint
- Require the ram to be tipped up
- Sedation/GA
Vasectomy method? (1-10)
- Infiltration around cord and subcutaneously at site of incision
- Surgical preparation of the incision site and surgeon
- Incise the medial scrotal skin over the spermatic cord
- Identify and exteriorise spermatic cord
- Identify vas deferens
- Create small incision into tunica
- Exteriorise length of vas deferens (minimum 3cm)
- Clamp and cut at each end of the vas
- Anchor one end (Proximal?) to reduce the risk of re-canalisation
- Close
Post op advice for vasectomy?
Could be fertile for up to 6 weeks after procedure?
* Some evidence to suggest they are infertile after 2 weeks
* Could semen test before use to confirm
Complications of vasectomy?
- Infection
- Herniation
- Haemorrhage
- Recanalization and misalliance
- Testicular atrophy
Urolithiasis ?
Predominantly affects small ruminants but could affect cattle
* Calcium, magnesium, ammonium, phosphate
Risk factors of urolithiasis?
Early castration, high BCS, high concentrate diet, inadequate water intake
what does urolithiasis cause & where?
obstruction to urethra (sigmoid flexure / Verminiform appendage) +/_ bladder rupture
CLS of urolithiasis?
Discomfort/colic, dry prepuce, kicking at abdomen,
inappetence, pulsating urethra on rectal exam
Diagnostics of urolithiasis?
Ultrasound examination of bladder-large/presence of
uroliths
Pathogenesis of urolithiasis?
Medical tx of urolithiasis?
➢ Rehydration
➢ Smooth muscle relaxant- Buscopan
➢ NSAIDs
➢ Urinary acidification- Ammonium chloride
➢ Nutritional management
Surgical tx of urolithiasis? (increasingly invasive order)
- Amputation of urethral appendage
- Perineal urethrostomy
- Cystotomy
- Bladder marsupialisation
(prepubic cystotomy)
Pre-op considerations of urolithiasis surgery ?
Complications of urolithiasis surgery?
Complication rate high
Bladder rupture
Infection- cystitis.
Urethritis
Recurrent obstruction
Urine scald
Anaesthetic
complications
Post op care & advice urolithiasis surgery?
Varies with treatment option
High rate of reoccurance
High intensity nursing care,
long term hospitalisation
Care of skin/prevention of
urine scald
DIET CONTROL
