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VMS 4001 > Camelid Surgery > Flashcards

Camelid Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What sedatives can we use in alpacas?

A
  • Xylazine
  • Butorphanol
  • Butorphanol, Xylazine & ketamine
  • Atipam
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2
Q

What general surgical considerations?

A
  • Regurg
  • Not food producing
  • Vascular access
  • NEck injuries
  • Antibiotics
  • Intubation difficult
  • Susceptible to clostridial dx
  • Hypothermia
  • BX
  • Analgesia
  • Bloat
  • Anaesthesia
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3
Q

What camelid specific things to remember?

A
  • Handling (prey sp, herd animal try not to seperate)
  • Restraint - arms around neck & other aroudn thorax
  • Ear twitch - strng grip on base of ear
  • Low PCV due to altitude species - always do CE prior to surgery
  • Kush - haltered head to floor and lift up one leg
  • CLOSTRIDIAL dx (care re-surgeyr)
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4
Q

What are some common surgical procedures in camelids?

A
  • Castration
  • Laparotomy
  • C-section/ prolapse
  • Angular limb deformity
  • Tooth rot abscess
  • Urolithiasis
  • Fractures
  • Wound laceration repair
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5
Q

Why do we do castrations?

A
  • Better abel to live in social groups
  • temperament (make better pets)
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6
Q

When do we castrate camelids?

A

From 18-24 months - early castration can elad to failure of closure of long boe growth plates leading to tall, leggy animals at risk of osteoA

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7
Q

How do we perform Castrations usually?

A
  • Standing open (similar to horse)
  • Recumbent (lateral recumbency open or closed
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8
Q

Case selection for castration?

A
  • 18-24m
  • Pets, stop aggression - patella lux
  • Tetanus vaccination or toxoid (liek equine)
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9
Q

Anaesthesia/ Anagesia for Catsrate ?

A

Anaesthesia -> local infiltration +/- sedation / epidural. / ketamine stun
Analgesia -> NSAID (subcut if poss)

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10
Q

Method considerations?

A
  • Restraint/ handling
  • Aseptic technique
  • Scrotal vs pre-scrotal
  • Sedation Vs GA
  • Open castration
  • Ligature and closure vs open
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11
Q

IF pre-scrotal u should do a …?

A

GA!!

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12
Q

If going scrotal …?

A

you can do standing with sedation & local

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13
Q

T/F Camelids have fat around spermatic cord ?

A

True

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14
Q

Describe the steps to a pre-scrotal castrate?

A
  • Pre-scrotal castration is done with an animal recumbent
  • Strict asepsis
  • 2cm incision is made on ventral midline immediately cranial to ventral base fo the scrotum
  • Open -> incise vaginal tunic
  • Each testicle is removed through incision & excised after transfixing ligation
  • After haemostasis has been acheived, the skin incision is closed using a subcuticular or subcutaenous suture pattern
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15
Q

Describe steps to a Scrotal approach?

A
  • Animal standing or recumbent
  • Clip and disinfect scrotum
  • Local injected into testicle, into spermatic cord and sub cutaneous – in one injection
  • NSAID
  • Antibiotic cover
  • TAT
  • Incise over testicle approx. 2 cm incision through skin and through vaginal tunic
  • Expose testicle and use dry swab to break down connective tissue.
  • Ligate (as per recumbent castration)
  • Trim scrotal fat – significant in most camelids
  • Usually leave wound open
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16
Q

What complications of castration can we get?

A

(low complication rate)
- Haematoma
- Haemorrhage
- Infection
- Protruding fat
- Tetanus
- Fly infestation

17
Q

Describe Tooth Rot abscess in camelids?

A
  • DDX lumpy jaw
    • Mostly cheek teeth affected
  • Food particles penetrating into the periodontal ligament
  • Usually associated with eruption of the permanent molars
18
Q

What CLS of Tooth rot abscess?

A
  • Swelling along the mandible
  • Salivation
  • Weight loss
  • Pain on palpation
  • Ocular discharge
19
Q

Tx for Tooth Rot Abscess?

A
  • Long term ABs (6-8wks)
  • Analgesia (NSAID)
  • Tooth extraction
  • Tooth splitting
  • Tooth rot resection (referral surgery options) -> lateral alveolar plate resection
20
Q

Wat pre-op onisderations of tooth abscess ?

A

Size of swelling related to chronicity
Bony changes = poor Pg indicators

21
Q

What complications with Tooth Rot abscess?

A
  • Re-infection
  • Chronic drainage tracts
  • Osteomyelitis
22
Q

Why do we do C-sections in camelids?

A

Dystocia uncommon - often uterine torsion

23
Q

CLS of Uterine torsion ?

A
  • Late Pg dams
  • Pyrexia
  • TachyC
  • Vaginal disC
  • Some show no signs
24
Q

DDX Uterine torsion?

A

GI Colic

25
Q

What Tx for uterine torsion

A
  • Rolling ) direction of twist - usually clockwise
  • Stabilise uterus through body wall
  • Surgery - rolling not effective, foetal compromise, cannot determine direction of twist
26
Q

What pre-op considerations for C-section

A
  • Patient choice
    Ischaemia/necrosis of uterus
    Foetal stress/hypoxia/death
    Cardiovascular stress common so this should be corrected and monitored
    closely before, during and after surgery
  • Anaesthesia
    Local anaesthetic +/- sedation
    Ketamine stun for fractious animals?
  • Analgesia
  • NSAIDs
  • Antibiotics
  • Broad spectrum coverage due to contamination
27
Q

What poss complications fo C-section?

A

Haemorrhage, peritonitis, adhesions, metritis, infection of incision, hernia, infertility

28
Q

T/F Uterine prolapse is an emergency?

A

TRUE

29
Q

What to do for uterine prolapse?

A
  • Epidural & NSAIDs
  • Broad spect AB
  • More fragile than attle so care with handling
30
Q

What complications of prolapse?

A
  • Infection
  • Haemorrhage
  • Rupture of uterus
  • Re-prolapse
  • CVS chock
31
Q

Describe Angular limb deformities

A
  • Vit D fdeficiency & poor husbandry during rapid growth Cria born in autumn/winter mroe at risk
  • Congenital/ injury at assisted birth poss
  • TX: vit D + splinting
  • Surgery rq in older cria (transphyseal bridging of growth plates or wedge osteotomy when growth plates have closed)
  • Referral surgery
32
Q

What surgical options for urolithiasis?

A
  • No rupture / blocked urethra -> buscopan & tube cystotomy
  • Ruptured urethra -> perineal urethrostomy
  • Ruptured bladder -> perineal urethrostomy / tube cystotomy

VMS 4001 (17 decks)

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