Ruminants 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What umbilical disorders can we see?

A
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2
Q

Describe omphalitis ?

A
  • Omphalitis is the infection of the umbilical stump
  • Associated with poor hygiene and poor umbilical
  • care of the neonate
  • Prevent with iodine at birth
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3
Q

Secondary abscess?

A
  • Umbilical abscess secondary to omphalitis
  • Walled off infection persists in the umbilical stump
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4
Q

Signs of abscess?

A
  • Firm, hot, painful NON-REDUCIBLE mass
  • Pyrexia and systemic illness
  • Draining sinus tract/purulent discharge
  • Hyperechoic pus on u/s
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5
Q

Tx of umbilical abscess?

A

Minor surgical procedure - drain and flush through a ventral incision

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6
Q

What can we have concurrently with omphalitis +/- abscess?

A

May be concurrent with
umbilical hernia

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7
Q

Umbilical abscess drainage APPROACH

A
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8
Q

Umbilical abscess drainage ABS?

A
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9
Q

Pg umbilical abscess drainage?

A

good for non-complicated abscess

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10
Q

What can hernia be?

A
  • Omentum
  • Abomasal fundus
  • Intestines? Short mesentery so less moveable
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11
Q

Why do we get umbilical hernias ?

A
  • Failure of the normal development and closure of umbilicus
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12
Q

Hernia size gauge?

A

Hernias >2cm (2 fingers) are unlikely to repair naturally

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13
Q

Pre-op considerations ? umbilical hernia

A
  • Small defects unlikely to become strangulating and can
  • resolve themselves
  • Large defects require surgical treatment
  • Leaving/fattening the patient may result in entrapment and
    strangulation
  • Anaesthesia
  • High dose caudal epidural- preferred as immobilises back legs
  • GA?
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14
Q

What important consideration for umbilical hernia

A

No rumen pressure on ventral abdomen
V’s
Old enough for good fibrous ring for suture holding

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15
Q

Umbilical hernia repair?

A
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16
Q

Umbilical hernia repair steps 6-9?

A
  1. Tie off each suture
  2. Oversew everted abdominal wall margin in a simple continuous pattern
  3. Routine closure of SC tissues and skin
  4. Secure a stent over the incision to provide protection for the first 24-72 hours
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17
Q

Complications and after care? hernia repair

A

In surgery complication
* Intestines adhered to body wall
Infection
* Wound dehiscence
Haemorrhage
Failure of sutures
* Re-herniation
Immediate post-operative complications
* Hypothermia
* Poor recovery
* Recovery injuries
Clean bedding
Close monitoring

18
Q

Describe Umbilical remnant disorders?

A
  • Urachal abscess
  • Infection/abscessation of umbilical vein/arteries
  • May require en-bloc resection
  • I.e removal of the tissue and surrounding
    capsule
19
Q

Similar hernia surgery?

A
  • Pre-operative considerations similar
  • Antibiotic choice?
  • Extreme care not to puncture the abscess
  • Incise cranially in urachal or umbilical
    abscesses
  • Incise caudally in umbilical vein
    abscessation
20
Q

Patent urachus?

21
Q

Umbilical disorders?

A
  • Is the umbilical mass non-painful, reducible, soft?
  • Is the mass firm, hot, painful?
  • Is there purulent discharge?
  • Is the animal systemically unwell
  • Any intra-abdominal extension of umbilical mass on
    palpation
22
Q

What is atresia ani/recti?

A
  • Failure of the anal opening
  • Congenital abnormality
  • Surgical repair required
23
Q

Signs of Atresia ani/recti?

A

Anorexia,
Dullness
Abdominal distension
Discomfort
Straining
No anus
No faeces

24
Q

Atresia ani * Pre-operative considerations

A
  • Case selection- cost implications?
  • Anaesthesia- epidural
  • Analgesia- Meloxicam?
  • Antibiotics- dirty procedure
25
Disbudding vs dehorning? why?
Disbudding strongly preffered
26
Optimal time to disbud?
- 1-2 weeks of age (horn buds palpable) - Alternatively at castration (4-6 weeks) but double stress
27
Some beeds (strains)polled?
hereford, aberdeen angus
28
What thermal cautery for disbudding/dehorning?
29
Chemical cautery - when?
48H-7 days Caustic compounds
30
What is an act of veterinary surgery?
- Dehorning at >2m of age - Disbudding /dehorning of goats at any age
31
Analgesia disbudding/honring calves?
- Cornual nerve block + NSAID - Allow 5-10m time to work - Test with large gauge needle
32
Analgesia goat kids?
- GA + NSAID - /._ cornual nerve block
33
Analgesia in older cattle dehonring?
Cornual + accessory nerve block + NSAID
34
Dehonring block anatomy?
35
Complications and after care disbudding/honring
- Inadequate anaesthesia - Haemorrhage - Infection:dehisence or sinusitis - Fly strike - Regrowth
36
Goat Disbudding pre-op considerations
* Invasive procedure with high risk of complications * Age! Horn growth and attachment to frontal bones (under 10 days old) * Analgesia NSAID (not licenced) * Antibiotics Not required
37
Anaesthesia for goat disbudding?
* Anaesthesia Goats sensitive to local anaesthetic Toxic dose 5-6mg/ml (0.4-0.5ml Adrenacaine in 4kg goat kid) * GA required
38
Is goat disbudding a veterinary procedure?
YES Veterinary only
39
T/D goat disbudding very differet to cattle disbudding?
True -> increasingly required skill
40
How to do goat disbudding?
41
Goat disbudding complications?
* High risk * Anaesthetic risks * Ineffective anaesthesia * Hypothermia * Brain damage * REGROWTH * More common than in cattle * Infection * Fly stirke
42
other surgical congenital conditions?
- Spastic paresis - Flexural deformities (contracted tendons)