RULES IN SCIENTIFIC NAMING Flashcards
deals with naming the organism (how they are named)
nomenclature
deals w grouping organisms based on its characteristics
taxonomy
system of naming organism wherein organisms have 2 names: ________ & ________
genus & specific epithet
binomial nomenclature or binomial system of naming
whale shark SN
Rhincodon typus A. Smith, 1828
SN RULES
- Must be italicized; underlined if handwritten.
- Genus is always capitalized; specific epithet is never capitalized.
- Genus should be written in full in its first use. Pwede na abbv sa following sentences.
- Scientific names cannot be used without the genus.
Genus can stand alone; specific epithet cannot.
ex.
Pterocarpus indicus
- P. indicus
- Pterocarpus sp.
BUT NOT indicus or indicus sp.
- If using a common name, first define it in terms of the scientific name.
ex. Bignay (Antidesma bunius) - When the species is not known, you can use sp. and it should NOT BE ITALICIZED.
Kappaphycus sp., not Kappaphycus sp. - When referring to several species of the same genus, you may use spp. and it should not be italicized.
ex. Blatta spp. not Blatta spp. - Do not be confused with ‘spp’ and ‘ssp’. The term ‘ssp’ refer to subspecies.
ex. Macaca fascicularis ssp. philippensis or Macaca fascicularis subsp. philippensis or simply, Macaca fascicularis philippensis
- Avoid abbvting the genus when you’re using 2 genera with the same specific epithet.
ex. A. palawanensis may refer to Amorphophallus palawanensis and Angelesia palawanensis - Avoid abbvting the genus when you’re using two genera with the same initials to avoid confusion.
ex. H. bella and H. bicolor may refer to both Hoya species but H. bicolor actually refers to Hipposideros bicolor
- When animal SN are 1st mentioned, write the author’s name and year of publication. It should NOT be italicized.
ex. Apomys sacobianus Johnson, 1962 - When plant SN are 1st mentioned, write the author’s name. It should NOT be italicized.
ex. Rafflesia baletei Barcelona & Cajano
TAKE NOTE
- year refers to the year when the description was published in a journal
- it is not the year of discovery or collection of the specimens of the species
nomenclature codes governing
algae, fungi, and plants
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)
nomenclature codes governing
animals
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
nomenclature codes governing
bacteria and archaea
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP)
nomenclature codes governing
cultivated plants
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
nomenclature codes governing
plant associations
International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN)
nomenclature codes governing
viruses
The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN)
SN katmon
Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe
Robert Rolfe, 1884
SN Mindanao pygmy fruit bat
Alionycteris paucidentata Kock, 1969
SN dwarf fin whale
Balaenoptera omurai Wada, Oishi & Yamada, 2003
SN Lubang Forest Mouse
Apomys lubangensis Heaney, et al., 2014
Heaney, Baley, Veluz, Steppan, Esseltyn, Pfeiffer, and Rickart, 2014
SN species of Begonia
Begonia balangcodiae Rubite, S.H. Liu & K.F. Chung
Rosario Rubite, Shih-Hui Liu and Kou-Fang Chung in 2019.
- named after professor Teodora Balangcod
- because she is a female, the specific epithet ends with -ae (eae or iae)
SN jumping spider
Lepidemathis dogmai Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, 2020
Dr. Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo and Dr. Alberto Barrion
- specific epithet was named after Dr. Irineo Dogma Jr.
- because Dogma is a male, the specific epithet ends with -i (-ii or -nii)
SN Palawan treeshrew
Tupaia palawanensis Thomas, 1894
Thomas, 1894
- specific epithet named after the island where it was first collected
- because it is a place, it ends with -ensis (not always the case)
SN fig species
Ficus bataanensis Merr. forma minima Sata
Merrill, 1906
- ‘forma’ refers to form which is a rank below species with unique morphological form or structure
- Sata described 2 forms for F. bataanensis: f. minima and f. sorsogensis
- ‘forma’ can also be abbvtd as ‘f.’ (only for plants)
SN hybrid of banana
Musa x paradisiaca L.
- hybrid between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana
- Linnaeus or L. described bananas into 2 species, one of which is Musa paradisiaca
- later on, it was found out it was actually a hybrid
- ‘x’ = hybrid (only for plants)
SN Lakatan/Lacatan
Musa acuminata ‘Lakatan’
- cultivated variety of M. acuminata
- have their own code
- name of the cultivar must be placed in a single quotation, capitalized
- ‘cv’ is no longer accepted
SN OTHER INFO
- Some taxonomists abbvt the genus by using the first letters. The convention depends on the group.
- In plants, TAUTONOMY IS NOT ALLOWED. It is a taxonomic designation in which the genus and species names are the same.
ex. Gorilla gorilla, Gallus gallus, Chanos chanos
- There are also rules on the gender of specific epithets and genera. Each code has their own rules on this.
- Specific epithets can also be named to a group of people using the suffix -orum (for group of men) and -arum (for group of women)
- type of flowering plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae
- first discovered and described from Luzon
- first described by _______ in 1883 as _______ ________
- it was then revised and reclassified by ________ in 1999 as ________ ________
- unlike in animals, author’s name is enclosed in parenthesis while the one who revised is placed after the OG author
Balakata luzonica (Vidal) Esser
- Vidal, 1883 = Myrica luzonica
- Esser, 1999 = Balakata luzonica
- SN makahiya
- _____ refers to variety
- it is lower than species and subspecies but higher than form
- in the example, ________ described a variety for __ ________ in 1955
- only for plants
- this is different from cultivars
Mimosa pudica L. var. hispida Brenan
- var
- Brenan, 1955 = M. pudica
