Activity 5: Plant Histology

Question 1

an aggregation of cells of a common source, structure, and function in intimate union.

Answer 1

tissue

Question 2

found at the tip of roots and shoots, which produce new cells to increase the length of the root or shoot.

Answer 2

apical meristem

Question 3

tend to have large vacuoles and may contain various secretions.

classified as either aerenchyma cells, which have extensively connected air spaces, and chlorenchyma cells, which contain chloroplasts or green pigments.

Answer 3

parenchyma cells

Question 4

somewhat elongated cells; that provide excellent support and strengthening functions being located just beneath the epidermis and thickened at the corners.

Answer 4

collenchyma cells

Question 5

support and protect due to the shape, thickness, and toughness of their cell walls, which are deposited with lignin.

further classified as sclereids (isodiametric cells) and fibers, which are elongated cells with pointed ends.

Answer 5

sclerenchyma cells

Question 6

primary conducting tissue for water and absorbed minerals from the soil.

The phloem is the primary conducting tissue for food manufactured from leaves.

Some plants contain fiber, which are elongated cells with tapering ends.

Answer 6

xylem

Question 7

made up of tracheids, which are tubes that taper at the end, with pits that allow passage of water between cells and rays, which are essential for lateral short-distance conduction.

Answer 7

tracheary tissue

Question 8

flattened, thin-walled cells with little or no intercellular spaces.

These make up the periderm that constitutes the outer bark of a woody stem.

Answer 8

cork cells

Question 9

single layer of compactly arranged cells surrounding the vascular tissue core of roots.

It is composed of parenchyma cells with thickening on the radial side and end walls of cells forming a waterproof band called Casparian Strip.

Answer 9

endodermis

Question 10

• also known as embryonic tissue.
• undifferentiated tissue composed of cells in the state of active division.
• found in the growing apices of roots, stems, and leaves.

Answer 10

meristematic tissues

Question 11

The meristem in the stems, roots, and leaves is the _______________.

The meristem found in the cambium, cork cambium, and pericambium is the ______________.

Answer 11

primary meristem

secondary meristem

Question 12

meristematic tissues are further divided into three other regions:

Answer 12

apical meristem
lateral meristem
intercalary meristem

Question 13

responsible for primary growth

Answer 13

apical meristem

Question 14

responsible for secondary growth

Answer 14

lateral meristem

Question 15

responsible for tissues that do not have a vascular or cork cambium

Answer 15

intercalary meristem

Question 16

The _______ growth increases the length of the plant. It is what makes the plant tall, while _________ growth increases the girth or the diameter of the plants.

Answer 16

primary
secondary

Question 17

• tissues that are composed of more mature and differentiated tissues.
• usually found in stems, roots, and barks
• further divided into other types of tissues.

Answer 17

parenchyma tissue

aerenchyma and chlorenchyma and transfer cells

Question 18

Cellular Profile of Parenchyma tissues:

• Actively dividing
• Mostly rounded cells but may occur in other shapes
• Cells have thin and pliable cell walls
• Cells are loosely packed

Question 19

• usually found underneath the epidermis
• Aside from providing strength, they also provide flexibility to young plants, leaves, and floral parts.

Answer 19

collenchyma

Question 20

Cellular Profile of Collenchyma tissues:

• Cells are prismatic
• Have thickened cell walls
• Filled with colloidal substance

Question 21

• contains lignified cells.
• makes them ideal for making textile products and linens

2 types

Answer 21

sclerenchyma

stone cells and fiber cells

Question 22

are cells that are irregularly shaped.

Answer 22

Stone Cells (Sclereids)

Question 23

• contain a lumen.
• tough and flexible.

Answer 23

fiber cells

Question 24

• single layer of compactly arranged cells surrounding the vascular tissue core of roots.
• composed of parenchyma cells with thickening on the radial side and end wall of the cells forming a waterproof band called Casparian Strip.
• made up of lignin (cementing material between cells related to cellulose) and suberin (a fatty substance that makes the cell wall waterproof).

Answer 24

endodermis

Question 25

• contains cells that function as tubes or ducts through which water and substances in solution move from one part of the plant to another, consist of more than one kind of cell.
• This tissue houses the xylem and the phloem.

Answer 25

vascular tissue

Question 26

located between the primary xylem and primary phloem within the vascular bundle.

Answer 26

vascular cambium

Question 27

• form the outer covering of the plant body.
• acts like clothing that protects the plant against its harsh environment
• Changes in temperatures, insects, and other predators can injure the plant, but because of this tissue, the plant can be protected from harm.

Answer 27

surface tissues

Question 28

• outer covering tissue of a plant and is protective in function.
• one cell thick.
• cells may be flat, brick-shaped, polygonal equilateral or wavy in outline.

Answer 28

epidermis

Question 29

• applied to all tissue produced externally by the cork cambium (Phellogen).
• surface tissue of woody plants with active lateral meristem
• epidermis is sloughed off and replaced by the periderm, forming the outer bark.
• comprised of cork cells that are dead at maturity.

Answer 29

periderm

Question 30

• outermost lateral meristem in woody plants.
• produces cork cells containing a waxy substance that can repel water
• produces a layer of cells known as phelloderm (secondary cortex), which grows inward from the cambium.

The cork cambium, cork cells, and phelloderm are collectively termed the periderm-the periderm substitutes for the epidermis in mature plants.

Answer 30

cork cambium

Question 31

found at the tip of roots and shoots, which produce new cells to increase the length of the root or shoot.

Answer 31

apical meristem

Question 32

single superficial layer of cells covering all other primary tissues derived from the apical meristems.

These cells protect underlying tissues.

Answer 32

epidermal cells

Question 33

tend to have large vacuoles and may contain various secretions.

i. _____________ which have extensive connected air spaces

ii. _____________ which contain chloroplasts (green pigments)

Answer 33

parenchyma cells

aerenchyma cells
chlorenchyma cells

Question 34

somewhat elongated cells that provide excellent support and strengthening functions, being located just beneath the epidermis and thickened at the corners.

Answer 34

collenchyma cells

Question 35

support and protect due to the shape, thickness, and toughness of their cell walls which are deposited with lignin. They are further classified as:

i. _________ - isodiametric cells

ii. _________ - Elongated cells with pointed ends

Answer 35

sclerenchyma cells

Sclereids
Fibers

Question 36

primary conducting tissue for water and absorbed minerals from the soil

Answer 36

xylem

Question 37

primary conducting tissue for food that was manufactured in the leaves

Answer 37

phloem

Question 38

tapered tubes at each end, with pits that allow passage of water between cells.

Answer 38

tracheids

Question 39

important for lateral short-distance conduction.

Answer 39

rays

Question 40

flattened, thin-walled cells with little or no intercellular spaces.

These comprise the periderm that constitutes the outer bark of a woody stem.

Answer 40

cork cells

Question 41

single layer of compactly arranged cells surrounding the vascular tissue core of roots.

comprises parenchyma cells with thickening on the radial side and end walls of cells, forming a waterproof band called Casparian Strip.

Answer 41

endodermis