Rules | Duff Chapter 20

Question 1

conditional sentences

parts of conditional sentences

Answer 1

• protasis -> ‘if’-clause
• adoposis -> ‘then’-clause

Question 2

conditional sentences

construction rules for first class conditions

Answer 2

assumption of truth for the sake of argument:

• εἰ + indicative
• > “if… then…”
• εἰ + οὐ + indicative
• > “if not… then…”

Question 3

conditional sentences

construction rules for second class conditions

Answer 3

contrary-to-fact assumption:

• εἰ + imperfect indicative + ἀν + imperfect indicative
• > “if [subject] were… then [subject] would…”
• εἰ + μη + imperfect indicative + ἀν + imperfect indicative
• > “if [subject] were not… then [subject] would…”
• εἰ + aorist indicative + ἀν + aorist indicative
• > “if [subject] had… then [subject] would have…”
• εἰ + μη + aorist indicative + ἀν + aorist indicative
• > “if [subject] had not… then [subject] would have…”

Question 4

conditional sentences

construction rules for third class conditions

Answer 4

generalised / hypophetical / future assumption:

• ἐαν + subjunctive
• > “if [subject] might… then…”
• ἐαν + μη + subjunctive
• > “if [subject] might not… then…”

Question 5

genitive absolute construction rules

Answer 5

• noun in genitive + agreeing participle
• translation help: start by translating as “during…”

Question 6

periphrastic constructions

present tense

Answer 6

• εἰμι [present] + present participle

Question 7

periphrastic constructions

future tense

Answer 7

• ἐσομαι [future] + present participle

Question 8

periphrastic constructions

imperfect tense

Answer 8

• ἠμην [imperfect] + present participle

Question 9

periphrastic constructions

perfect tense

Answer 9

• εἰμι [present] + perfect participle

Question 10

periphrastic constructions

future perfect tense

Answer 10

• ἐσομαι [future] + perfect participle

Question 11

periphrastic constructions

pluperfect tense

Answer 11

• ἠμην [imperfect] + perfect participle

Question 12

construction of adverb from adjective

Answer 12

• -ος -> -ως
  (e. g. σοφος / σοφη / σοφον -> σοφως)

Question 13

construction of comparative adjective

Answer 13

• short vowel: -ωτερος
  (e. g. σ_ο_φος / σ_ο_φη / σ_ο_φον
• > σοφ_ω_τερος / σοφ_ω_τερα / σοφ_ω_τερον)
• long vowel / diphtong: -οτερος
  (e. g. δικ_αι_ος / δικ_αι_α / δικ_αι_ον
• > δικαι_ο_τερος / δικαι_ο_τερα / δικαι_ο_τερον)

Question 14

construction of superlative adjective

Answer 14

• short vowel: -ωτατος
  (e. g. σ_ο_φος / σ_ο_φη / σ_ο_φον
• > σοφ_ω_τατος / σοφ_ω_τατη / σοφ_ω_τατον)
• long vowel / diphtong: -οτατος
  (e. g. δικ_αι_ος / δικ_αι_α / δικ_αι_ον
• > δικαι_ο_τατος / δικαι_ο_τατη / δικαι_ο_τατον)

Question 15

construction of comparative adverb

Answer 15

• short vowel: -ωτερον
  (e. g. σ_ο_φως -> σοφ_ω_τερον)
• long vowel / diphtong: -οτερον
  (e. g. δικ_αι_ος -> δικαι_ο_τερον)

Question 16

construction of superlative abverb

Answer 16

• short vowel: -ωτατα
  (e. g. σ_ο_φως -> σοφ_ω_τατα)
• long vowel / diphtong: -οτατα
  (e. g. δικ_αι_ως -> δικαι_ο_τατα)