Rules | Duff Chapter 15

Question 1

aorist passive construction rules

Answer 1

1. dentals: τ δ θ ζ + θ -> σθ
   (e. g. βαπτιζω -> ἐβαπτισθην)
2. labials: π β φ + θ -> φθ
   (e. g. πεμπω -> ἐπεμφθην)
3. gutturals: γ κ χ σσ + θ -> χθ
   (e. g. κηρυσσω -> ἐκηρυχθην)

Question 2

ἀκουω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 2

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἠκουσθην

Question 3

βαλλω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 3

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐβληθην

Question 4

ἐγειρω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 4

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἠγερθην

Question 5

καλ_ε_ω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 5

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐκληθην

Question 6

σωζω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 6

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐσωθην

Question 7

λαμβανω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 7

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐλημφθην

Question 8

_ἀπο_στελλω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 8

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: _ἀπ_εσταλην
• aorist imperative passive 2nd person singular: _ἀπο_σταληθι

Question 9

γραφω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 9

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐγραφην
• aorist imperative passive 2nd person singular: γραφηθι

Question 10

σπειρω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 10

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐσπαρην
• aorist imperative passive 2nd person singular: σπαρηθι

Question 11

στρεφω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 11

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐστραφην
• aorist imperative passive 2nd person singular: στραφηθι

Question 12

φαινω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 12

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐφανην
• aorist imperative passive 2nd person singular: φανηθι

Question 13

λεγω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 13

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἐρρηθην or ἐρρεθην

Question 14

ὁραω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 14

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ὠφθην

Question 15

φερω

irregular aorist passive

Answer 15

• aorist indicative passive 1st person singular: ἠνεχθην

Question 16

usages of middle voice

Answer 16

1. Deponent verbs:
   
   • use middle voice with active meaning
2. Standard verbs:
   
   • may use middle voice to express an action that affects the subject
     
     • φερω - I carry; φερομαι - I win (I carry off for myself)
     • ἐνδυω - I dress; ἐνδυομαι - I dress myself
     • φυλασσω - I guard; φυλασσομαι - I am on my guard
   • may use middle voice as a stylistic device

Question 17

parsing rules

Answer 17

• verbs: tense / mood / voice / person / number
  (e. g. present indicative active 1st person singular)
• verbs in infinitive: tense / mood / voice
  (e. g. present infinitive active)
• participles: tense / mood / voice / gender / case / number
  (e. g. present participle active masculine nominative singular)
• Nouns and adjectives: gender / case / number
  (e. g. masculine nominative singular)