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Histopath LAB > Routine Procedures > Flashcards

Routine Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Routine Procedures

A

A. Receiving (Accessioning)
B. Gross Examination
C. Fixation
D. Decalcification
E. Dehydration
F. Clearing
G. Infiltration
H. Embedding
I. Cutting/Sectioning
J. Staining
K. Mounting

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2
Q

RECEIVING (ACCESSIONING) encompasses:

A

Checking of Labels

Serial Numbers Are Assigned

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3
Q

Details of the label include the ff. details about the patient:

A
  1. Name
  2. Age
  3. Sex
  4. Clinical data
  5. Surgical findings
  6. Nature of operation
  7. Name of tissues submitted
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4
Q

example of a specific sequence of serial numbers assigned to a the 1st sample taken in the year 2023.

A

SP2023001

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5
Q

are assigned to each of the sample in order to avoid interchanging of samples.

A

Special/unique numbers (serial numbers)

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6
Q

What to do if naka receive ng specimen na hindi naka formalin?

A

Ask if the specimen is subjected for:

biopsy or
culture and sensitivity

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7
Q

SP-24-001

A

Surgical pathology/ biopsy

Yr 2024

1st patient of yr 2024

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8
Q

Specimens processed in histopath are kept/ stored for how many years?

A

10 yrs

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9
Q

What is used for labeling?

A

Pencil

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10
Q

Histopath worksheet includes the

A

Gross description

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11
Q

a description of what tissue taken during a biopsy looks like without using a microscope

A

Gross description

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12
Q

SCO

A

Specimen Consists Of

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13
Q

Example of Gross description

A

SCO Tan-brown appendix measuring 8 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm

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14
Q

• The sample received is described in detail.

A

GROSS EXAMINATION

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15
Q

GROSS EXAMINATION is performed by a

A

Pathologist

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16
Q

In gross examination, macroscopic characteristics are noted such as:

A

Color
Size
Texture
Consistency, etc.

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17
Q

are usually taken from the parts of the specimen that exhibit abnormalities.

A

representative sections

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18
Q

Specimens are cut into representative sections about ____ and not more than____ in thickness.

A

2cm^2

4 mm

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19
Q

When is the initial fixation?

A

During/ after collection of specimen

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20
Q

Reagent in fixation

A

Formalin

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21
Q

terminate any on-going biochemical reactions, which occurs as the tissue starts to decay.

A

Fixatives

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22
Q

is essentially performed to protect tissues from decay (in order to prevent autolysis & putrefaction) & maintain the tissue in its fresh state.

A

Fixation

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23
Q

Reagent in decalcification

A

Nitric acid

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24
Q

Decalcification involves removal of_____ deposits (essential for good embedding) present in hardened tissues in order to soften the tissue for cutting/sectioning.

A

calcium

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25
Q

Decalcification is done on what specimens?

A
  1. Bone.
  2. Teeth.
  3. Cartilage.
  4. Arteries w/ atherosclerotic plaque formation.
26
Q

is caused by the deposition of cholesterol on the walls or the lumen of the arteries.

A

Atherosclerotic plaque formation

27
Q

Reagent in dehydration

A

Ethanol in increasing concentrations

28
Q

This process is commonly carried out by immersing specimens in a series of ethanol (alcohol) solutions of increasing concentration until pure, water-free alcohol is reached.

A

Dehydration

29
Q

this step is necessary to prepare the tissue for embedding in non-aqueous media like paraffin.

A

Dehydration

30
Q

After fixation, the tissue must be dehydrated to allow for complete penetration of the tissue by the paraffin wax. Since wax is not soluble in water, but is soluble in_____, the water in the tissue must be replaced with ____

A

xylene

31
Q

functions to remove water from tissues.

A

Alcohol

32
Q

Involves increasing concentrations of hydrophilic (water-miscible) fluids, which dilutes & eventually replaces free water in the tissues.

A

Dehydration

33
Q

Dehydration has to undergo tedious process (increasing concentrations of ethanol) in order to_______ in order to preserve the__________ of the organ as it was removed from the human body.

A

minimize tissue distortion

morphology and appearance

34
Q

Reagent in clearing

A

Xylene & Toluene

35
Q

Principle of dehydration

A

Remove water (makadaot the tissue)

36
Q

Principle of clearing

A

Remove excess alcohol

37
Q

Clearing aka

A

Dealcoholization

38
Q

Clearing is a transition step between

A

dehydration & infiltration

39
Q

It utilizes a reagent that must be miscible with dehydrating & infiltrating agents.

A

Clearing

40
Q

reagent that is miscible with dehydrating & infiltrating agents.

A

Xylene

41
Q

The term “_____” arises from the ability of some solvents with high refractive indices to render anhydrous tissues transparent or clear.

A

clearing

42
Q

Referred to as “____” because the infiltration of the reagents used here gives the tissue a translucent appearance; thus, resulting in a fully cleared tissue

A

clearing

43
Q

Reagent in infiltration

A

Melted Paraffin wax

44
Q

Involves the removal of the excess clearing agent from the tissues & replaces it with a medium that will fill the natural cavities, spaces, & interstices of the tissues.

A

Infiltration

45
Q

Provides the tissues with a firm consistency, thus resulting in better handling & cutting of the tissue sections.

A

Infiltration

46
Q

Principle in embedding

A

Produce a tissue block

47
Q

Reagent in embedding

A

Melted paraffin wax

48
Q

Embedding aka

A

Casting or blocking

49
Q

is done by placing the infiltrated tissue, in a precisely arranged position, in a mold containing a medium which is allowed to solidify.

A

Embedding

50
Q

Equipment used in sectioning

A

Microtome

51
Q

Involves cutting of the embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices using the microtome.

A

Cutting/ sectioning

52
Q

Ano tung i scoop and section sa water. Done before staining

A

Fish out

53
Q

After i fish out, unsay sunod?

A

Deparaffinization

54
Q

Equipment used for deparaffinization

A

Oven

55
Q

Reagent in staining

A

Hematoxylin & Eosin

56
Q

______ imparts blue to purple colors; whereas_____ imparts pink to red colors.

A

hematoxylin

eosin

57
Q

is a basic dye;

hence, it will stain the acidic portions of the cell (usually stains the nucleus & RNA-containing portions of the cytoplasm).

A

Hematoxylin

58
Q

is an acidic dye; hence, it will stain the basic portions of the cell (usually stains the cytoplasmic structures, proteins, & collagen).

A

Eosin

59
Q

is the process of adding colors or dyes to the thin tissue slices for enhanced visualization & differentiation of cellular structures.

A

Staining

60
Q

• Involves protecting the tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a glass slip.

A

MOUNTING

61
Q

MOUNTING
• Involves protecting the tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a______

A

glass slip

62
Q

TAHBSO

A

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy

Histopath LAB (19 decks)

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