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histopath lab > Instrumentation > Flashcards

Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

TYPES OF MICROTOME

SRRFUC

A

Rotary microtome
Sliding microtome
Rocking microtome
Freezing microtome
Cryostat
Ultrathin microtome

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2
Q

Used for cutting semi-thin to thin sections of paraffin wax (3-5um).

The operation of the microtome is based upon the rotary action of a hand wheel activating the advancement of a block towards a rigidly held knife. The block moves up and down in a vertical plane in relation to the knife and therefore it cuts flat sections.

A

Rotary Microtome

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3
Q

MOST DANGEROUS

For cutting large blocks of paraffin and resin embedded material including whole organs.

The blade is bigger and is the one moving rather than the tissue blocks.

A

Sliding Microtome

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4
Q

Inventor: Sir Horace Darwin (1851-1928). Son of Charles Darwin.

• The razor of this microtome is fixed and the specimen to be sliced for microscopic examination passes up and down in an arc of a circle across the razor in a rocking motion.

A

Rocking Microtome

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5
Q

Cutting thin to semi-thin (about 8-12um) sections of fresh, frozen tissue.

Liquid carbon dioxide from a cylinder or a low temperature recirculating coolant.

The knife is moved while the tissue block remains static.

A

Freezing Microtome

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6
Q

• For cutting sections of frozen tissue
(STAT).
Contains rotary microtome inside.

Sections as thin as 1 micron are possible.

Temperature. (-15 to -30C) to allow the hardening of the tissue section.

A

Cryostat

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7
Q

Prepare ultrathin sections for light and electron microscopy.

Knives are usually made from glass, diamond or sapphire.

Block is brought to the knife edge under microscopic control.

A

Ultrathin Microtome

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8
Q

EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS

AACE
GMMM
PPPPRS

A

Here are the items arranged in alphabetical order:

  1. Automated stainers
  2. Automated tissue processor
  3. Cryostat
  4. Embedding center
  5. Gross table
  6. Microscope
  7. Microtome
  8. Microwave oven
  9. Paraffin oven
  10. Paraffin wax bath
  11. Paraffin wax dispenser
  12. Paper boat
  13. Refrigerator
  14. Slide dryers
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9
Q

In________, diagnosis of diseases is done by examining the stained morphologic cellular details of the specimen submitted and processed in the laboratory

A

histopathology

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10
Q

The earliest form of microtomy was the freehand sectioning of fresh or fixed material using a ______

A

sharp razor

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11
Q

This type of microtome is generally used for cutting semi-thin to thin sections of paraffin wax embedded material for light microscopy.

A

Rotary microtome

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12
Q

Rotary microtome

Paraffin embedded tissues are normally cut between______

A

3 to 5 µm.

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13
Q

The operation of the microtome is based upon the rotary action of a hand wheel activating the advancement of a block towards a rigidly held knife.

The block moves up and down in a vertical plane in relation to the knife and therefore it cuts flat sections.

A

Rotary microtome

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14
Q

These are designed for cutting large blocks of paraffin and resin embedded material including whole organs, for light microscopy.

A

Sliding microtome

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15
Q

The knife holding clamps allow the knife to be offset to one direction, a major advantage when sectioning large, hard blocks.

A

Sliding microtome

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16
Q

They are not suitable for cutting very hard resins such as araldite because of the risk of vibration

A

Sliding microtome

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17
Q

• The razor of this microtome is fixed and the specimen to be sliced for microscopic examination passes up and down in an arc of a circle across the razor in a rocking motion.

A

Rocking microtome

18
Q

Fixed on to a table, the ribbons of specimen fell to the desk top then were cut and mounted on to slides.

A

Rocking microtome

19
Q

The rocking microtome was invented by______ (1851-1928), the son of_____

A

Sir Horace Darwin

Charles Darwin

20
Q

• This form of microtome is used for cutting thin to semi-thin (about 8-12µm) sections of fresh, frozen tissue.

A

Freezing Microtome

21
Q

It is equipped with a stage upon which tissue can be quickly frozen using either liquid carbon dioxide, from a cylinder, or a low temperature recirculating coolant.

Some cooling systems also allow the knife to be cooled at the same time.

A

Freezing microtome

22
Q

The cutting action of the______ differs from those described previously as in this case the knife is moved while the tissue block remains static.

Consistent, high quality, thin sections are very difficult to obtain with this type of microtome.

A

freezing microtome

23
Q

Freezing Microtome • This form of microtome is used for cutting thin to semi-thin (about_____) sections of fresh, frozen tissue.

A

8-12µm

24
Q

is primarily used for cutting sections of frozen tissue.

It commonly consists of a microtome contained within a refrigerated chamber, the temperature of which can be maintained at a preset level.

A

cryostat

25
Q

The cryostat usually contains a ____ microtome although some portable units utilize a ____ microtome.

A

Rotary
Rocking

26
Q

Cryostat

With the block, blockholder and knife all at the same temperature and all other conditions for cutting the material optimal, sections as thin as_____ are possible.

A

1 micron

27
Q

• It is used to prepare ultrathin sections for light and electron microscopy.

Very small samples of tissue are usually embedded in hard resin before cutting.

A

Ultramicrotome

28
Q

The cutting stroke is motor driven to provide a regular, smooth motion for sections of even thickness and constant reproducibility.

A

Ultra microtome

29
Q

The block is brought to the knife edge under microscopic control and as each section is cut it is floated on to a water bath adjacent to the knife edge.

A

Ultramicrotome

30
Q

Ultramicrotome

Knives are usually made from

A

glass
diamond
sapphire

31
Q

These are used for floating the paraffin ribbon.

A

FLOTATION BATH OR WATER BATH

32
Q

Temperature depends on a degree of the personal preference of the microtomist, but it is recommended to maintain a temperature of _____degrees below the melting point of the paraffin used during embedding.

A

Floatation bath

5 to 10

33
Q

These are used for drying the water that is collected during the sectioning of tissue section.

A

Slide dryers

34
Q

The temperature used is between 5 to 10 degrees above the melting point of the paraffin.

A

Slide dryer

35
Q

Slides are left to dry for approximately_____ minutes, after they have been appropriately drained.

Not doing so can cause the bubbling under the tissue sections.

Overheating slides may cause uneven staining as well as artifacts.

A

Slide dryer

15-20

36
Q

The______ is used to heat and speed some procedures. Some special stains techniques are performed in the microwave oven.

_____ induced epitope retrieval for Immunohistochemistry is done in some occasions in the microwave oven

A

microwave oven

Heat

37
Q

Linear types transfer slides from one container to the next container with the same time allowed in each container.

A

Automated strainers

38
Q

Revolving types are similar to the linear stainer and the time allowed in each can be varied.

Robotic ones are flexible with computerized programming that allows the continuous loading and use of the same solutions at different timing.

A

Automated strainers

39
Q

• It is a complete system designed for embedding tissue in paraffin.

It provides a controlled heated environment (paraffin is kept at 2 - 4ºC above its melting point) for the processed cassettes and eliminates xylene contamination

A

EMBEDDING CENTERS

40
Q

Maintains the paraffin wax in liquid form and aids in dispensing of wax into molds or ca

A

PARAFFIN WAX DISPENSER

histopath lab (12 decks)

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